Else Frenkel-Brunswik’s research while affiliated with University of California System and other places

... The researchers wanted to develop a measure that was able to assess what they considered to be at the heart of conspiratorial thinking: the belief that powerful groups of people secretly manipulate events to undermine the common good. To create this measure, they selected three items from McClosky and Chong's (1985) research into radicalization, with one of the items originally coming from the California Fascism Scale (Sanford et al., 1950), and two of the items originally coming from a scale assessing distrust of the government (McClosky, 1964). An item that had originally been used to validate the scale was later added as a fourth item (Uscinski et al., 2016). ...

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Assessing Conspiracist Ideation Reliably, Validly, and Efficiently: A Psychometric Comparison of Five Short-Form Measures

... The sociopolitical implications of authoritarian orientation have been extensively debated in scholarly literature. Early research situated this concept within a familial context, positing that authoritarian personality was a genetically determined psychological factor (Adorno et al., 1950). However, subsequent studies have conceptualized authoritarianism as a learned sociopolitical process. ...

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Internet Freedom and Social Media’s Political Consequences: Political Nationalism and Authoritarian Orientation Among Six Asian Societies

... Rather, both the questionnaires and interview guides changed over time-their respective results cannot be separated; rather they were intrinsically entangled. In fact, many of the study's later famous results had already been published by Else Frenkel-Brunswik and R. Nevitt Sanford (Frenkel-Brunswik and Sanford 1945)-to such a degree that after a meeting in 1944 following a conference organized by Ernst Simmel (see Simmel 1946), Leo Löwenthal wrote to Max Horkheimer that by uniting the two alliances, the Institute for Social Research and the Berkeley Public Opinion Study Group, the former would get "an affiliated field work which, for the time being, does not cost us a cent" (quoted in Ash 1998: 265). 2 Regarding the structure of the in-depth interviews, it can be stated first and foremost that each interview was the same, with manifest questions and latent, "underlying" questions on the dynamics of the individual personality: asking a person about his/her vocation should thus also determine his/her attitude towards work in general, enquiries about income the degree of "money-mindedness," questions on one's family history should reveal not only sociological classifications of the family background, but also aspects of parent-child dynamics like the father and mother imago. Asked about their views on minorities, the interviews should reveal "the cognitive and emotional line drawn by the subject between ingroup and outgroup and the characteristics he specifically ascribed to each" (Adorno et al. 1950: 322), in order to determine whether the respondent had negative experiences or was entirely stereotyped. ...

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Allowing for Ambiguity in the Social Sciences: Else Frenkel-Brunswik’s methodological practice in The Authoritarian Personality

... Neben rationalen Beweggründen müssen auch vergleichsweise unbewusste autoritäre Charakterdispositionen berücksichtigt werden. Sie sind eine gewichtige Grundlage für den Hass auf Minderheiten, die Abneigung gegen die Demokratie und eine erhöhte Neigung zu Gewalt (Adorno et al. 1950). Eine zentrale Komponente des autoritären Syndroms ist der Sadomasochismus, der autoritäre Unterwürfigkeit, starres Festhalten an Konventionen und autoritäre Aggression umfasst (Schließler et al. 2020, S. 284). ...

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Die Gefahr der Co-Radikalisierung: Wie sich Muslimfeindlichkeit und Islamismus in Deutschland wechselseitig verstärken

... First, and perhaps most powerfully, children learn prejudices from their parents (Aboud, 1988;Epstein & Komorita, 1966;Frenkel-Brunswik, 1948;Hassan, 1977;Mosher & Scodel, 1960;Raman, 1984;Rohan & Zanna, 1996). Ward (1985) showed that parents directly socialized racial prejudice in their children; the adult children of men studied by Lane (1965) displayed remarkable consistency in racial prejudice across generations. ...

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A Justification-Suppression Model of the Expression and Experience of Prejudice

... The fact diat the prejudiced child was found in this study to look with favor on ideas that tend to segregate his world and to dichotomize his experience into distinctly opposed groups (i.e., good and bad, acceptable and unacceptable, etc.), gives plausibility to the further finding that such children are "intolerant of ambiguity." Frenkel-Brunswik has given central importance to this concept in several papers (12)(13)(14)(15) pointing out that the very nature of prejudice hinges on the child's incapacity to attribute multiple potential characteristics both favorable and unfavorable, to outgroups. The less prejudiced person can admit the existence of both sides of a question, can avoid universal evaluative judgments of others, even at the sake of self-consistency. ...

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Patterns of Mental Functioning Associated with Prejudice in Children