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January 2008
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38 Reads
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4 Citations
Advances in Psychology Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum.
January 2008
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44 Reads
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27 Citations
Advances in Psychology Research
November 2001
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39 Reads
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26 Citations
Addictive Behaviors
Previous research suggests that high anxiety sensitivity (AS) young adults are particularly sensitive to alcohol's dampening effects on their responses to arousal-induction challenge [Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 24 (2000) 1656.]. This sensitivity to alcohol reward may place high AS individuals at increased risk for alcohol abuse. Over-and-above alcohol's pharmacological effects, tension-reduction expectancies might contribute to alcohol's reactivity-dampening effects in high-AS individuals. The present study examined the role of alcohol and alcohol expectancy factors by activating expectancies experimentally. Forty-eight high-AS young adults were randomly assigned to one of three beverage conditions: alcohol (pharmacology plus expectancy), placebo (expectancy only), and control (no pharmacology and no expectancy). Following beverage consumption and absorption, participants underwent a 3-min voluntary hyperventilation challenge. Replicating and extending previous findings, participants in the alcohol condition showed dampened affective and somatic responses to the challenge, and marginally dampened cognitive responses to the challenge, compared to both placebo and control participants. However, placebo participants did not display dampened responses to the challenge relative to control beverage condition participants. Additional analyses suggested that activation of tension-reduction expectancies might have contributed to an “inverse placebo” effect among high-AS participants administered placebo. Implications of the results for future research and for the prevention and treatment of alcohol problems among high-AS individuals are discussed.
January 2001
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359 Reads
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156 Citations
Personality and Individual Differences
The present study was conducted in an attempt to replicate previous findings regarding relations between personality domains in the five-factor model of personality and drinking motives, and to examine the potential mediating role of the internal drinking motives in explaining hypothesized relations between personality variables and drinking quantity/drinking problems. A sample of 154 university student drinkers completed the NEO five factor inventory, the revised drinking motives questionnaire, and measures of drinking quantity and alcohol-related problems. Multiple regressions indicated that the two internal drinking motives (coping and enhancement) were predicted by personality domains information, whereas the two external drinking motives (conformity and social) were not. Coping motives were significantly predicted by high neuroticism, whereas enhancement motives were significantly predicted by a combination of low conscientiousness and low neuroticism. Mediator regression analyses demonstrated that coping motives partially mediated the relation between high neuroticism and increased drinking problems, whereas enhancement motives mediated the relation between low conscientiousness and increased drinking quantity. Implications of the findings for prevention of heavy drinking and drinking problems in young adults are discussed.
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January 2008
Advances in Psychology Research
... Moreover, the model has strong predictive validity for alcohol problems and misuse. For example, coping motivations are often cross-culturally associated with heavy consumption [13,19,49], conformity and personal-enhancement motivations are associated with alcohol misuse in youth samples [98], [58], and socialising motivations shift from moderate to heavy alcohol use over time [91]. The generalisability of the MMAU allows for applicability across alcohol consuming behaviours where affect change is the intended effect. ...
January 2001
Personality and Individual Differences
... However, this did not rule out the possibility that alcohol expectancy might exert additional influences beyond those observed in the alcoholic beverage conditions in the MacDonald et al.'s (2000) study. Thus, we conducted an additional study (MacDonald et al., 2001) where high AS individuals were assigned to one of three conditions: alcohol (pharmacology + expectancy), placebo (expectancy alone), and control (no expectancy, no pharmacology). Following beverage consumption and absorption, participants underwent the same 3-min voluntary hyperventilation challenge used in our previous study and reported on their somatic, affective, and cognitive responses to the hyperventilation challenge. ...
November 2001
Addictive Behaviors
