Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw’s research while affiliated with Siena College and other places

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Publications (5)


Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice
  • Book

January 2012

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2,117 Reads

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991 Citations

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Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw

In the last fifteen years, a recognizable surge in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) research and development has emerged. This emergence has sprung from a variety of factors. For one, inexpensive computer hardware and software is now available and can support the complex high-speed analyses of brain activity that is essential is BCI. Another factor is the greater understanding of the central nervous system, including the abundance of new information on the nature and functional correlates of brain signals and improved methods for recording these signals in both the short-term and long-term. And the third, and perhaps most significant factor, is the new recognition of the needs and abilities of people disabled by disorders such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophies. The severely disabled are now able to live for many years and even those with severely limited voluntary muscle control can now be given the most basic means of communication and control because of the recent advances in the technology, research, and applications of BCI.


The Future of BCIs: Meeting the Expectations

January 2012

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64 Reads

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8 Citations

This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the future of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It then discusses the problems that must be solved in three crucial areas in order to achieve truly practical and effective BCIs. These areas are: signal acquisition hardware, validation and dissemination, and reliability. With improved signal-acquisition hardware, convincing clinical validation, effective dissemination models, and, probably most important of all, with increased reliability, BCIs are poised to become a major new technology for people with disabilities-and possibly for the general population as well.


Brain-Computer Interfaces: Something New under the Sun

January 2012

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672 Reads

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214 Citations

This chapter begins by briefly addressing the question: What is a braincomputer interface (BCI)? It then covers the provenance of the term BCI and its present definition, synonymous or subsidiary terms, and related neurotechnology. The remainder of the chapter introduces six themes that are important for understanding BCI research and development: BCIs create new central nervous system outputs that are fundamentally different from natural outputs; BCI operation depends on the interaction of two adaptive controllers; the importance of choosing signal types and brain areas; the importance of recognizing and avoiding artifacts; BCI output commands; and the need for validating and disseminating useful BCI applications.


Brain-computer interface systems: Progress and prospects

August 2007

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446 Reads

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427 Citations

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems support communication through direct measures of neural activity without muscle activity. BCIs may provide the best and sometimes the only communication option for users disabled by the most severe neuromuscular disorders and may eventually become useful to less severely disabled and/or healthy individuals across a wide range of applications. This review discusses the structure and functions of BCI systems, clarifies terminology and addresses practical applications. Progress and opportunities in the field are also identified and explicated.


Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the Second International Meeting
  • Article
  • Full-text available

July 2003

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653 Reads

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265 Citations

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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William J Heetderks

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This paper summarizes the Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control, The Second International Meeting, held in Rensselaerville, NY, in June 2002. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and organized by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health, the meeting addressed current work and future plans in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Ninety-two researchers representing 38 different research groups from the United States, Canada, Europe, and China participated. The BCIs discussed at the meeting use electroencephalographic activity recorded from the scalp or single-neuron activity recorded within cortex to control cursor movement, select letters or icons, or operate neuroprostheses. The central element in each BCI is a translation algorithm that converts electrophysiological input from the user into output that controls external devices. BCI operation depends on effective interaction between two adaptive controllers, the user who encodes his or her commands in the electrophysiological input provided to the BCI, and the BCI that recognizes the commands contained in the input and expresses them in device control. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates of up to 25 b/min. Achievement of greater speed and accuracy requires improvements in signal acquisition and processing, in translation algorithms, and in user training. These improvements depend on interdisciplinary cooperation among neuroscientists, engineers, computer programmers, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists, and on adoption and widespread application of objective criteria for evaluating alternative methods. The practical use of BCI technology will be determined by the development of appropriate applications and identification of appropriate user groups, and will require careful attention to the needs and desires of individual users.

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Citations (5)


... Neurofeedback uses real-time input to modify brain activity, hence facilitating functional improvement in motor rehabilitation and fostering neuroplasticity. Integrating EEG, EMG, and other physiological signals could improve the precision and reliability of BMI for motor rehabilitation (Wolpaw and Wolpaw, 2012). ...

Reference:

Decoding the brain-machine interaction for upper limb assistive technologies: advances and challenges
Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice
  • Citing Book
  • January 2012

... BCIs for communication and rehabilitation require different key performance indices. Notably, in BCIs for communication, accuracy is a critical measure [43], whereas, in therapeutic BCIs, both real-time accuracy and brain facilitation are equally important. For instance, a recent study has demonstrated the significant effect of the FUI value on the efficacy of restorative BCIs for stroke rehabilitation [44]. ...

The Future of BCIs: Meeting the Expectations
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2012

... A brain-computer interface (BCI) system monitors and decodes neurophysiological signals and produces computer commands to control either a single output device or a variety of other devices. More simply, a BCI can be defined as "a system that translates brain signals into new kinds of outputs" Wolpaw and Wolpaw (2012). These devices help to perform a range of activities including neuroplasticity and controlling assistive devices. ...

Brain-Computer Interfaces: Something New under the Sun
  • Citing Article
  • January 2012

... The membrane potential directed in the direction and inflated through channels entails mostly sodium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine ions [37]. According to the authors of [39], a BCI machine that performs pattern recognition and signal processing can infer signal activity from the brain. As per the work proposed in [30], BCI can be seen as a communication scheme expediting individuals to connect with their environments during the segment where the operation of peripheral nerves and muscles does not transpire. ...

Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the Second International Meeting

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

... Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing domains such as clinical applications, assistive technology, and humancomputer interaction research [1][2][3][4][5]. By establishing a direct communication pathway between the human brain and external devices, BCI systems enable users to control and interact with their surroundings using neural activity signals. ...

Brain-computer interface systems: Progress and prospects
  • Citing Article
  • August 2007