Elizabeth McClean’s research while affiliated with Cornell College and other places

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Publications (14)


We Shall Overcome: Advocating for Social and Ethical Issues at Work Despite its Challenges
  • Article

August 2023

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22 Reads

Academy of Management Proceedings

Clara Wen Lin Soo

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Madeline Ong

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Heather Wong

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[...]

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Better Together: Member Proactivity Is Better for Team Performance When Aligned with Conscientiousness
  • Article
  • Full-text available

May 2023

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254 Reads

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5 Citations

Academy of Management Discoveries

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The Agency to Implement Voice: How Target Hierarchical Position and Competence Changes the Relationship Between Voice and Individual Performance

October 2022

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66 Reads

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6 Citations

Organization Science

Although voice is communication that is intended to benefit the performance of collectives, little is known about the benefits or costs to individual task performance and what mechanisms drive these effects. Our research offers new theory to articulate and illustrate the conditions under which voice has positive versus negative effects on individual task performance by directly acknowledging that employees have many options for where to direct their ideas. We introduce an agency perspective on voice by theorizing that one fundamental reason why employees speak up is to generate the implementation of corrective action for issues affecting themselves and to the extent targets of voice have agency to facilitate action through implementation of voice, voicing employees should be more likely to realize performance benefits from speaking up. In a first field study, we present evidence that two characteristics—the hierarchical position of the voice target (boss versus peer) and the competence of the voice target—alter the relationship between voice and the voicing employee’s task performance. In a second field study, using an event-contingent design, we provide evidence of the unique mechanisms underlying how competent managers (via their resources) and competent peers (via their efficacy to act) affect how upward and sideways voices lead to idea implementation. We discuss the theoretical implications of these ideas and findings by highlighting how voice target characteristics influence not just the incidence of voice but also, its outcomes. Funding: This research benefited from financial support through the McCombs Research Excellence Grant.





The Positive and Negative Effects of Social Status on Ratings of Voice Behavior: A Test of Opposing Structural and Psychological Pathways

October 2021

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190 Reads

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22 Citations

Journal of Applied Psychology

We examine how social status-the amount of respect and admiration conferred by others-is related to leader ratings of team member voice. In a field study using 373 West Point cadets nested in 60 squads, we find that there are two countervailing pathways linking social status to leader voice ratings: A positive structural path via instrumental network centrality and a negative psychological path via perceived image risk. In addition, we show that these relationships are contingent upon a relational moderator, such that high-quality team interpersonal relationships weakened the positive indirect effect via instrumental network centrality but strengthened the negative indirect effect via image risk. Two post hoc experiments provided preliminary support for our arguments that perceived image risk causes people to deliver their voice in a manner that is more acceptable to recipients and ruled out several alternative explanations. The results of our multilevel analyses shed new light on how, why, and when social status impacts leader ratings of voice. In doing so, we challenge assumptions in the extant voice research and open avenues for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).



Citations (5)


... In 2021, Business Linkedin (2021) reported that problem-solving, communication, teamwork, and strategic thinking are the most valuable skills emphasized by Chinese firms when considering internal promotion and mobility. Mirroring these evaluations, a stream of research within occupational psychology has investigated proactivity (Axtell et al., 2000;Emich et al., 2024;Kiss et al., 2022;Parker et al., 2006;Wang et al., 2024), including its effects on well-being (Fay & Hüttges, 2017) and its mediating role in the effects of high-performance work systems (Zhu et al., 2023). ...

Reference:

Awareness of age-related change and proactivity at work: the mediating roles of future time perspective and goal setting
Better Together: Member Proactivity Is Better for Team Performance When Aligned with Conscientiousness

Academy of Management Discoveries

... The voicer may realize that coworkers would have received the attention and resources if they had presented the same ideas earlier to the supervisor. Third, after one employee's voice is endorsed, coworkers are often required to make work adjustments to adapt to new practices (Brykman & Raver, 2023;Burris et al., 2023). These adjustments may involve shifts in responsibilities, changes in processes, or additional efforts, creating a disparity between the voicer and their coworkers in terms of status, power, and influence. ...

The Agency to Implement Voice: How Target Hierarchical Position and Competence Changes the Relationship Between Voice and Individual Performance
  • Citing Article
  • October 2022

Organization Science

... However, new status holders may interpret or appraise this event differently and experience distinct types of pride (i.e., authentic pride and hubristic pride) and this interpretation or appraisal is determined by contextual factors. That is, given that status is socially determined and conferred by others in a team (Berger, Cohen, & Zelditch Jr, 1972;Correll & Ridgeway, 2006;Hays et al., 2022), how positive status change is interpreted is likely to be affected by the context of the team (Bunderson, 2003;Campbell, Liao, Chuang, Zhou, & Dong, 2017;Kim & Wiesenfeld, 2017;Kim, McClean, Doyle, Podsakoff, Lin, & Woodruff, 2021;Swaab, Schaerer, Anicich, Ronay, & Galinsky, 2014). Building on the above, we use the two-facet model of pride to recognize status differentiation as a crucial contextual factor that significantly affects how new status holders interpret their status changes. ...

The Positive and Negative Effects of Social Status on Ratings of Voice Behavior: A Test of Opposing Structural and Psychological Pathways

Journal of Applied Psychology

... People associate communal behaviors (e.g., friendly, warm) with women, and some agentic behaviors (e.g., ambitious, dominant) with men (Eagly et al., 2020). According to backlash theory (Rudman et al., 2012), when a woman acts in a counter-stereotypical, agentic manner (including self-promotion, ambition, and dominance), she may experience a backlash effect in which people respond punitively to her behavior, such as by evaluating her negatively (Gabriel et al., 2018;McClean et al., 2022;Rudman, 1998;Rudman & Glick, 1999. In particular, people incur backlash for actions that threaten the traditional status hierarchy in which men, because of their gender, have higher status than women (Ridgeway, 2011). ...

Which Ideas for Change Are Endorsed? How Agentic and Communal Voice Affects Endorsement Differently for Men and Women
  • Citing Article
  • March 2021

Academy of Management Journal

... This collaborative spirit fosters a positive environment, encouraging all members to contribute actively to the team's success and effectiveness. Team members must exhibit the flexibility to thrive in collaborative settings where success is attained through cooperation and shared goals, rather than through competition and individual aims [33]. Consequently, the attributes of a construction project design team can be viewed as a vital factor in achieving competitive advantage within the construction industry. ...

Keeping Teams Together: How Ethical Leadership Moderates the Effects of Performance on Team Efficacy and Social Integration

Journal of Business Ethics