Elisabeth Bock's research while affiliated with Medical University of Graz and other places

... The feedback mechanism has been proven to effectively improve model performance for many computer vision tasks, such as visual masking [8], small object detection [9], figure-ground segregation [10], contour integration [11], object recognition [12]. It has been found that feedback loops may exist in the locust vision systems [13,14]. However, the corresponding feedback neural computation has never been investigated. ...

... This decrease was mainly related to a reduction of the dispersive component of the surface energy, since the polar component was not significantly changed. The similar data on reducing surface energy for micropatterned polymer materials were also observed by [42]. FL immobilization on the patterned PDMS substrates resulted in the slight increase in total surface energy, but its polar component remained in the range of 0.1-3.7 mJ/m 2 ( Table 2). ...

... An unbiased sampling protocol described earlier (JoVE Video Dataset; Wernitznig et al. 2019) automatically selects 60 random locations on each sample determined using a random number generator. The elemental maps were accompanied by overview micrographs taken from the same locations using the bright field mode at 3500× magnification. ...

... Radial and circumferential sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) showed that the PCL tissue-engineered constructs had an evident trilayer structure, with distinct regions of aligned and randomly oriented cells and collagen fibrils (figures 8(a) and (b)). Due to the temperature sensitivity of PCL polymer, the sample embedding (in paraffin) process partially deformed the PCL substrate in the PCL tissue constructs [52]. Similarly, H&E stained PLLA tissue-engineered constructs showed trilayer, oriented structure, with distinct regions of aligned and randomly oriented cells and collagen fibrils (figures 8(c) and (d)). ...

... Endocrine and other signaling molecules likely play a role. Studies of individual differences of stress-coping indicate that region-specific glucocorticoid and neuropeptide expression influence active versus passive strategies 47,48 . ...

... Conventional transmission electron microscopy allows the counting of profiles of synapses on the sections, and this was recently used to show that potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate has a protective effect on synapse numbers in APP/PS1 mice [48]. Moreover, using a dissector as a counting frame on pairs of sections [49] allows unbiased quantification of the numbers of structures in a certain volume without the need for 3D reconstructions (reviewed in [50]), as has been performed for synapse numbers (e.g., [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]), or even immunolabelled cell types [58] within the period covered by this review. ...

... Regarding invertebrates, there has also been significant progress on crabs (Carbone, Yabo and Oliva, 2018), insects including various dipterans (blowfly (Nordström, 2012), hoverfly Nordström, Barnett and O'Carroll, 2006), dragonfly (Dunbier, Wiederman, Shoemaker and O'Carroll, 2012), fruit fly Drosophila (Joesch, Schnell, Raghu, Reiff and Borst, 2010;Strother, Wu, Wong, Nern, Rogers, Le, Rubin and Reiser, 2017;Arenz, Drews, Richter, Ammer and Borst, 2017;Fisher, Leong, Sporar, Ketkar, Gohl, Clandinin and Silies, 2015;Drews, Leonhardt, Pirogova, Richter, Schuetzenberger, Braun, Serbe and Borst, 2020;Borst, 2018), locusts (Wernitznig, Rind, Polt, Zankel, Pritz, Kolb, Bock and Leitinger, 2015;Simmons, Sztarker and Rind, 2013;Peron, Jones and Gabbiani, 2009;Jones and Gabbiani, 2010)). Here the progress on ON/OFF channels in motion perception will be highlighted upon fruit fly Drosophila and locust as prevailing system paradigms. ...

... The study was carried out with third instar larvae. The same protocol of Devetak et al. (2010aDevetak et al. ( , 2010bDevetak et al. ( , 2013 was implemented. All specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde in PBS and washed in a buffer of 1% osmium in water. ...

... These aesthetical and medical applications require different types of inks and colors. This is why tattoos are currently not limited to black ink (carbon black), and the use of different inks, even though it has increased recently, go back a long way (9). Thus, tattoos are generally based on a wide range of colored substances in suspension and these mixtures of substances have evolved over time to improve the range of colors or because of national and international regulations (10,11). ...

... Thus, styles of tattooing are often distinguished by adjectives describing the places they originated, such as 'Tahitian' or 'Japanese' " (2005, p. 19). In Bolivia, however, most tattoo artists describe the styles they tattoo as traditional/ old school American [tradicional, tradi, old school], neo-traditional [neo-tradicional, neo-tradi] Though some of the oldest tattoos in the world have been found in the Andes among the Chinchorro civilization (Pabst et al., 2009;Allison, 1996), tattooing fell out of practice when the Spanish colonized the Inca. It did not resurface with any consistency in the Andes until the late-1800s, when tattooed sailors began docking in Chilean ports. ...