Elif Senem Köksal's research while affiliated with University of Oslo and other places
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Publications (13)
Protocells Approximately 4 billion years ago, protocells are thought to have emerged as a precursor to life. In article number 2106624, Irep Gözen and co‐workers introduce protocell concepts, research and laboratory methods.
The Front Cover shows primitive cell‐like compartments which have spontaneously emerged from a crack in rock‐forming mineral oligoclase. More information can be found in the Article by Irep Gözen and co‐workers.
The front cover artwork is provided by İrep Gözen group at the University of Oslo. The image shows primitive cell‐like compartments which have spontaneously emerged from a crack in rock‐forming mineral oligoclase. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202100040. “Our findings show how the first primitive cells might have developed on th...
The origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, gain the structure and functions necessary to fulfill the criteria of life. Research addressing protocells as a central element in this transition is diverse and incre...
Prominent among the models for protocells is the spherical biosurfactant shell, freely suspended in aqueous media. This model explains initial, but not subsequent events in the development process towards structured protocells. Taking into consideration the involvement of naturally occurring surfaces, which were abundant on the early Earth, feasibl...
Self-assembled membranes composed of both fatty acids and phospholipids are permeable for solutes and structurally stable, which was likely an advantageous combination for the development of primitive cells on the early Earth. Here we report on the solid surface-assisted formation of primitive mixed-surfactant membrane compartments, i.e. model prot...
In article number 2005320, Irep Gözen and co‐workers demonstrate that the spontaneous subcompartmentalization of model protocells is governed by the physicochemical interaction of the protocell membranes with mineral‐like solid interfaces. In the described experiments, several tens of compartments emerge on the basal membrane of each adhered model...
Membrane enclosed intracellular compartments have been exclusively associated with the eukaryotes, represented by the highly compartmentalized last eukaryotic common ancestor. Recent evidence showing the presence of membranous compartments with specific functions in archaea and bacteria makes it conceivable that the last universal common ancestor a...
In article number 2002529, Irep Gozen and co‐workers present experimental evidence that nucleation and growth of protocell‐like membrane compartments from surface‐adhered lipid nanotube networks are significantly enhanced at temperatures between 40 and 70 °C, and fusion can be initiated at ≈90 °C. They show that the microcontainers (5–15 μm) formed...
Elevated temperatures might have promoted the nucleation, growth, and replication of protocells on the early Earth. Recent reports have shown evidence that moderately high temperatures not only permit protocell assembly at the origin of life, but can have actively supported it. Here, the fast nucleation and growth of vesicular compartments from aut...
We investigated the interactions between styrene–maleic acid (SMA) copolymers and phospholipid bilayers, using confocal microscopy and surface acoustic wave resonance (SAR) sensing. For the first time we experimentally observed and followed pore formation by SMA copolymers in intact supported bilayers and unilamellar vesicles, showing that fluoresc...
We present a convenient method to form a bottom-up structural organelle model for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The model consists of highly dense lipidic nanotubes that are, in terms of morphology and dynamics, reminiscent of ER. The networks are derived from phospholipid double bilayer membrane patches adhering to a transparent Al2O3 substrate....
Citations
... Bilayer membranes perform essential functions that support cellular life as we know it. Despite drastic changes in Earth's geochemistry since the emergence of life (Gözen et al., 2022;Saha et al., 2022), the principal roles of the lipid bilayer have been preserved: compartmentalizing and regulating the internal environment with respect to its surroundings and enabling stable propagation through growth and division (Wang and Szostak, 2019). In protocells, such roles must have been fulfilled from prebiotically available constituents (Gözen et al., 2022). ...
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... 14 Most recently, we showed the formation of colony-like model protocells emerging from the molecular lipid films on early Earth minerals and a Martian meteorite. 15 Here we report the stepwise formation and growth of protocell superstructures containing tens to thousands of membranous compartments, originating from a single onionshell lipid reservoir. Inside a lipid compartment, several layers of smaller vesicles grow from the surface up, leading to a densely packed pool of compartments of similar shape and size, reminiscent of bacterial colonies. ...
Reference: Colony-like Protocell Superstructures
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... membrane composition, lipid phase, chain length, sterol type. Permeability coefficients of different lipid membranes have been reported [9][10][11][12] . across a DMPC:DPPC (50:50) bilayer was calculated as 0.2 × 10 −9 / for ATP. of fluorescein through GUVs composed of DPPC, DOPC and cholesterol (1:1:1) was determined as 19.4 ± 1.8 × 10 −6 / by Li et al. 12 . ...
... The supplied cargo molecules were ATTO 488 (Fig. 2a), a 10-base RNA labeled with fluorescein amidite (FAM), or a 20-base single stranded DNA, also labeled with FAM. During superfusion, these molecules passed the membrane and entered the protocellnanotube networks through transient nano-pores 10,20 . The concentration of FAM-RNA and FAM-ssDNA inside the compartments after 4 min. of superfusion was observed to be lower compared to ATTO 488 (Fig. S1). ...
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... We show that fluctuations favor bond breaking or patch shrinking depending on bond mobility, and that lower membrane tension leads to irreversible budding of blisters and membrane internalization, akin to precursors of endocytic vesicles. Previous observations of blister formation following osmotic shocks in substrate-adhered vesicles via non-specific physical interactions 39,40 suggest a broader generality of our results. ...
... Despite their proximity, spontaneous fusion between the compartments is not likely, as energy input is required to create pores in initially isolated bilayers. Fusion in PNNs induced by external cues was previously observed, and characterized with a mathematical model 13 . It is expected that if the two compartments fuse at their equator, they will rapidly form a larger compartment containing a stable circular pore (Fig. S7b-d). ...
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... A mild temperature increase was applied during the experiment shown in Figure 3 in order to shorten the transformation time period of the experiment. 22,28 Figure 3j shows the average (arithmetic mean) area of the isolated colonies (orange plot) as well as the average area of each subcompartment (blue plot) in Figure 3a−i over time. The graph in Figure 3k shows the number of colonies (orange plot) and the number of individual subcompartments (blue plot). ...
Reference: Colony-like Protocell Superstructures
... Another recent computational study supported the ability of SMA to stabilize transmembrane pores [78]. The pore-forming activity of SMA was also experimentally confirmed in [65] and [79]. The authors of the latter study have further speculated, suggesting that the SMA-induced membrane pores eventually merge to form a lipid island, which then moves out of the bilayer as a mature lipodisc. ...
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... Preparation of Lipid Vesicles. The dehydration and rehydration method 79,80 was used to prepare the lipid suspensions. Briefly, lipids (99 wt %) and lipid-conjugated fluorophores (1 wt %) were dissolved in chloroform to a final concentration of 10 mg/mL (cf . ...
Reference: Colony-like Protocell Superstructures
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