Eian More’s research while affiliated with University of Pennsylvania and other places

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Publications (7)


Older Versus Newer Media and the Well-being of United States Youth: Results From a National Longitudinal Panel
  • Article

January 2013

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370 Reads

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152 Citations

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Zhanna Bagdasarov

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Eian More

Purpose: To determine the effects of both older and newer media use on academic, social, and mental health outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Methods: We interviewed a nationally representative panel of youth ages 14-24 years (N = 719) twice 1 year apart to determine time spent with television, the Internet, videogames, and book reading, as well as the purpose of those uses. A cluster analysis identified major combinations of media use. Regression models tested hypotheses regarding changes in self-reported school grades, participation in clubs and sports, and symptoms of depression, as predicted by recent media use and differences in cluster membership. Results: Use of older media was related to grades, with television inversely and book reading positively related to performance. Moderate use of the Internet was positively related to participation in both sports and clubs. Although heavy use of the Internet and videogames was associated with an increase in depression, increased depression also predicted greater use of these media as well as withdrawal from sports and clubs. Clusters that used media in moderation with an emphasis on information gathering were most associated with healthy outcomes. Conclusions: Despite concerns that excessive use of new media is harmful to adolescent development, the findings reinforce previous conclusions that television detracts from academic performance and book reading supports it. Heavy use of the Internet and video gaming may be more a symptom of mental health problems than a cause. Moderate use of the Internet, especially for acquiring information, is most supportive of healthy development.


Where do youth learn about suicides on the Internet, and what influence does this have on suicidal ideation?

June 2011

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516 Reads

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242 Citations

Young people are susceptible to suicidal behavior as a result of learning about the suicidal behavior of others. This study was designed to determine whether Internet sites, such as online news and social networking websites, expose young people to suicide stories that might increase suicide ideation. We reinterviewed 719 young people ages 14 to 24 who had participated in a prior nationally representative survey. Respondents reported knowledge of persons they knew who had committed or attempted suicide as well as personal experiences of hopelessness and suicidal ideation on both occasions. On the second occasion one year later, they also reported use of various Internet platforms and how often they had been exposed to suicide stories on those sites, as well as from personal sources. Changes in ideation as a function of exposure to different sources of suicide stories were analyzed holding constant prior hopelessness and ideation. While traditional sources of information about suicide were most often cited (79% were from friends and family or newspapers), online sources were also quite common (59%). Social networking sites were frequently cited as sources, but these reports were not linked to increases in ideation. However, online discussion forums were both cited as sources and associated with increases in ideation. The Internet and especially social networking sites are important sources of suicide stories. However, discussion forums appear to be particularly associated with increases in suicidal ideation. Greater efforts should be undertaken to promote Internet sites directed to young people that enhance effective coping with hopelessness and suicidal ideation.


Table 1 : Internet Usage and Outcome Distributions 
Table 3 : Regressions of Social Capital Outcomes on Internet Uses 
Table 4 : Regressions of Social Capital Outcomes on Internet Uses 
Realizing the Social Internet? Online Social Networking Meets Offline Social Capital
  • Article
  • Full-text available

July 2009

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920 Reads

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251 Citations

Journal of Information Technology & Politics

Does Internet use have the potential to build social capital? Emerging evidence suggests that politically knowledgeable, interpersonally trusting, and civically engaged individuals share particular patterns of Internet use. In previous national survey studies, Internet use has been divided into a handful of excessively broad categories, and researchers have been unable to address newer, category-spanning Internet uses as well as the potential impact of individual Web sites. By examining the use of online social networks in a nationally representative sample of young people, this study explores the varied relationships between indicators of social capital and Internet use on a site-specific level (i.e., MySpace vs. Facebook). Indeed, differences between social networking sites are as large as those between more global categories of use (e.g., informational vs. social networking) and are robust to attempts to account for differences between the users of the sites. In explaining these relationships and exploring the differences between social networking sites, we suggest that Web site use induces a site-specific culture that can either encourage or hinder social capital.

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Table 1: Means for Facebook users and non–users for all variables. Notes: Percentages by column where reported, because of rounding numbers may not add to 100. 1: NASY samples only report information for individuals who were in school at the time of the survey. 2: Asian individuals included in other category for NASY samples, as are responses for any non–white, non–black, non– Hispanic group. 3: GPA is used as a 0–1 variable in the text. 
Facebook and Academic Performance: Reconciling a Media Sensation with Data

May 2009

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5,046 Reads

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299 Citations

First Monday

A recent draft manuscript suggested that Facebook use might be related to lower academic achievement in college and graduate school (Karpinski, 2009). The report quickly became a media sensation and was picked up by hundreds of news outlets in a matter of days. However, the results were based on correlational data in a draft manuscript that had not been published, or even considered for publication. This paper attempts to replicate the results reported in the press release using three data sets: one with a large sample of undergraduate students from the University of Illinois at Chicago, another with a nationally representative cross sectional sample of American 14– to 22–year–olds, as well as a longitudinal panel of American youth aged 14–23. In none of the samples do we find a robust negative relationship between Facebook use and grades. Indeed, if anything, Facebook use is more common among individuals with higher grades. We also examined how changes in academic performance in the nationally representative sample related to Facebook use and found that Facebook users were no different from non–users.




It Matters What Young People Watch

July 2008

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35 Reads

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6 Citations

Following World War II, unparalleled economic prosperity, along with the largest cohort of American youth, gave rise to a new teen market and a new media landscape defined by television and radio. These influences in turn gave rise to a youth culture that found expression in the mass media, and which emphasized the virtues of a consumerist ethos made possible by an ever-expanding economy. Advertising became a vehicle for advancing this new consumer culture that enabled youth to become a major audience for entertainment media, and which gave unprecedented voice to their interests and concerns. With the advent of the Internet, media have again afforded young people with even greater opportunities to create and disseminate their own content. This has led to a transformation in both how youth are portrayed in the media and how American culture has been influenced in turn. This book describes these changes since 1950, with a focus on the role of the mass media as both an influence on youth socialization and as an evolving expression of youth concerns. Experts from various fields of media studies discuss these changes in chapters that focus on different aspects of adolescent portrayal, including: the history of the emergence of youth culture; youth representation in popular music and music videos; increasing portrayal of health risk behaviors in popular movies, advertising, and other media since 1950; changes in portrayal of gender roles, body image, and different ethnic groups; and the role of new and evolving media such as video games and the Internet. The book concludes with a discussion of potential policy directions for ameliorating harm from problematic media content, and the potential use of media literacy and other strategies to encourage healthier adolescent development.

Citations (6)


... Research on the level of sexual content on television could provide some insights to explain the impact of time spent on electric devices on adolescents' sexual attitudes. Based on content analyses, the prevalence of sexual content in mainstream media ranged from 82 to 85% (24,25). Such media exposure had moderate effects on sexual attitudes in youths, associated with increased liberal sexual attitudes that led to more risky sexual behaviors, such as multiple sex partners and earlier sexual initiation Frontiers in Public Health frontiersin.org . ...

Reference:

Impacts of electronic device use on adolescents' sexual knowledge, attitude and perception during the COVID-19 pandemic: A representative sexuality survey
It Matters What Young People Watch: Health Risk Behaviors Portrayed in Top-Grossing Movies Since 1950

... Universally, universities, colleges, and schools utilize tools such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and the latest networks such as TikTok and Discord to establish engaging online environments that facilitate students' interaction, experience-sharing, and bonding. These provide a sense of accessibility and inclusivity as students can take part in discussions and activities even outside the campus, at their workplace, homes, or while commuting and, as such, are not left behind in other commitment (Junco, 2012); (Pasek et al., 2009). ...

Realizing the Social Internet? Online Social Networking Meets Offline Social Capital

Journal of Information Technology & Politics

... At the individual level, "well-being is usually highest at low levels of digital media use, not at non-use." [92] Between 2011 and 2019, there were 42 studies from highincome countries that reported a reciprocal relationship between social media and depression. For example, Romer et al. [93] reported that heavy internet use (more than four hours per day of gaming and social media) predicted depression a year later. Conversely, other research has shown that depression predicted heavier internet use as well as diminished participation in noninternet activities [94]. ...

Older Versus Newer Media and the Well-being of United States Youth: Results From a National Longitudinal Panel
  • Citing Article
  • January 2013

Journal of Adolescent Health

... However, Pasek and Hargittai (2009) argue that social media does not relate to drop in grades as most students who got higher grades were those who were involved in social media. This means that the adoption of social media as a teaching tool does have a signi cant relationship according to (Pasek & Hargittai, 2009). ...

Facebook and Academic Performance: Reconciling a Media Sensation with Data

First Monday

... When individuals encounter stressful life events, they may be driven by impulsivity to adopt negative coping mechanisms, such as suicidal behaviors [55]. Additionally, the Internet functions as a platform for disseminating information, which can lead to the rapid spread of suicide-related content [56,57]. Adolescents are in a critical period of psychological and emotional development, and they may be more susceptible to the influence of the Internet environment [58]. ...

Where do youth learn about suicides on the Internet, and what influence does this have on suicidal ideation?
  • Citing Article
  • June 2011