Edward O. Wilson's research while affiliated with Harvard University and other places

... For more than 50 million years, a subclade of ants in the subtribe Attini has lived in a symbiosis with basidiomycetous fungi of the families Agaricaceae and Pterulaceae (Wheeler 1907;Weber 1958Weber , 1966Chapela et al. 1994;Mehdiabadi and Schultz 2010;Schultz et al. 2015). Among fungus-farming ants, the leafcutters, a small group of species in the genera Atta and Acromyrmex, collect leaves from many different plants and transport them into their nest to cultivate the fungi with it (De Fine Licht et al. 2010;Mehdiabadi and Schultz 2010;Hölldobler and Wilson 2011). Furthermore, the fungus-farming ants establish constant and optimal living conditions for the fungi in their nest chambers. ...

... Deyrup (2016) collected S. subcoeca at one site in South Florida, the first published record of S. subcoeca from outside the West Indies. Wetterer et al. (2019) reported the first records of S. subcoeca from Grenada. Here, we present new descriptions of the worker and queen castes, and document a greatly expanded known geographic distribution of S. subcoeca in both the New World and the Old World. ...

... In addition to heightening political tensions, the border wall and its construction processes have significantly degraded landscape connectivity. The physical barrier disrupts migration and dispersal routes, preventing wildlife from accessing critical resources including food, water and mates (Peters et al., 2018). It is increasingly difficult for large endangered animals such as the jaguar, Mexican gray wolf, and Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) to disperse across the border, fragmenting already at-risk populations (Peters et al., 2018). ...

... New fencing would likely be exempted from all environmental laws and considerations due to authorizations provided to the USA Department of Homeland Security under the Real ID Act of 2005. The ocelot is one of many species that would be adversely affected by additional fence construction (Peters et al., 2018), and the fence and associated lights, roads, vehicles, and human presence have the potential to sever currently viable ocelot movement corridors across the border, perhaps precluding natural recolonization of suitable habitats in the USA. ...

... Otherwise, the absence or loss of the species will be a negative indicator. [13] The air temperature is related to the sun's rays that penetrate the forest floor. A high percentage of canopy cover reduces the intensity of sunlight to the forest floor. ...

... Lastly, the large percentage of alien insects assessed as data-deficient (47%) (Fig. 6) combined with the high percentage of species whose establishment status is considered unknown or presence is doubtful (25%) (Fig. 4), clearly illustrate the necessity for "more boots in the ground" (Wilson 2017) regarding the study of insects in Cyprus. ...

... However, it is believed that the principle of conservation of energy is a law governing all the natural phenomena known to date and there is no known exception to this law [60]. Unfortunately, the principle of energy conservation is not like Hamilton's principle and its variants, such that although being lack of concrete physical meanings and having been questioned in serval aspects [61,62], it is the heart of theoretical physics, and is still dominating 21 st century mostly in classical mechanics [63,64], fluid mechanics [65,66], elastodynamics [67], electrodynamics [68] and in quantum mechanics [68][69][70][71][72][73][74], etc. ...

... for example the various comments on Mesoudi et al., 2006), complicated by debate within evolutionary biology itself concerning the robustness of the Weismann barrier (Sabour & Schöler, 2012;Surani, 2016) and the relative importance of environmental conditions for genetic expression (Hall, 2003;Jablonka & Lamb, 2005). In cultural evolutionary studies, it is generally accepted that the cultural equivalents of genes-variously labelled 'culturgens', 'memes', or increasingly just 'cultural traits'-are ideas (Aunger, 2002;Dawkins, 1982;Lumsden & Wilson, 1981;Mesoudi, 2011;Mesoudi & O'Brien, 2008;O'Brien et al., 2010), although there is certainly debate about their granularity (Bloch, 2000;Henrich et al., 2008;Mesoudi & O'Brien, 2008;Mesoudi et al., 2006;O'Brien et al., 2010). However, there is no equivalent consensus about exactly what role (or roles) objects play in cultural inheritance (Lake, 1998). ...

... These two genera rarely share a home range on islands. Surveys of islands such as Cocos Island [50], Barbados [51], Tobago (see [51]), and almost all the Greater Antilles record the presence [52], and sometimes the abundance of Odontomachus, and the total absence of Neoponera. Though both are reported to occur in Puerto Rico [53,54], this report was later put in doubt [50,51,55]. ...

... Many insects species organize themselves into societies that resemble, and potentially outperform, human societies in many ways (Wilson 1971). Insect societies display, in addition to group living, division of labour, communication, coordination, cooperation, conflict, altruism, and more (Hölldobler and Wilson 2009). Perhaps the most fascinating, albeit evolutionarily paradoxical, feature of insect societies is their reproductive caste differentiation. ...