April 2021
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The Algiers Agreement aimed at terminating a frontier war which had lasted more than two years. Previous international efforts to bring the armed conflict to an end were not successful and a great optimism surrounded its conclusion in December 2000. The Agreement provided for the establishment of three dispute settlement bodies: an independent and impartial body—to be appointed by the UN Secretary-General—with the task to carry out investigations on the beginning of the armed conflict; the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) with the mandate to delimit and demarcate the border between the two States; and the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission (EECC), called to decide all claims for loss, damage, or injury related to the conflict. While the first organ has never been implemented, the two Commissions were established and completed the tasks in due time. However, intrinsic limits of the Algiers Agreement—mainly focused at achieving the end of the hostilities, by means of separation of forces and demarcation of frontiers—explain the stalemate in the peace process between Eritrea and Ethiopia that lasted until 2018.