E.E. Baybakov’s research while affiliated with Kazan Federal University and other places

In this paper tourism is considered by the authors as a geographical phenomenon which can be evaluated and used in a geographical perspective for understanding the forms and functions of tourism resources, together with the features of the demand for tourism. Tourism is one of the tools to achieve stable and balanced regional development. Separately, the authors consider the concept of "tourism space" and "tourism industry", as a result of analysis of which the authors have made the conclusion that essentially they are in very long standing and close connection with the locally-spatial aspects and elements. The paper discusses various approaches to the study of tourism development sustainability, their relationship with spatial concepts. In order to put into circulation and to assess such complex concepts as stability or sustainable development, the paper has been used already accepted structures such as a prism of stability. In particular, we have considered the indicators proposed by the United Nations (UN CSD), and the World Tourism Organization. The analysis allowed us to define the concept of "stability of a system" as its ability to remain relatively unchanged (save its structure and functional features) within a certain time frame regardless of external and internal perturbation actions. At the same time, we have distinguished three types of stability related with taking into account the spatial factors: 1) positional stability - relatively static notion which reflects fixity of elements of the system in a given area; the existence of systems and their components is related with this; 2) structural stability - a concept that reflects availability of the links (real and potential) between the elements of the system or different systems and having a static-dynamic nature; 3) the functional stability which defines the dynamics of systems, the actual existence of spatial interactions between elements of the system and other systems.

This paper presents the problem of interdependence and interconditionality of the concepts "sustainable tourism" and "sustainable development of tourism". The relevance of the topic chosen is associated with the problem of sustainability of tourism development in the conditions of global instability as the modern tourism is a rapidly developing social and cultural phenomenon which dynamics is based on a system of human interaction with the world. Being in the center of the research field, tourism is related to the modern global processes and is hardly exposed to their influence that is reflected in the change of its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The tourism being one of the steadily developing branches of the world economy is the industry almost in all countries that has valuable potential opportunities in terms of creating a different kind of economic interests, and attracts more and more attention. The potential opportunities of tourism include: improving balance of payments, access to new investment resources, the increase in state revenues, creation of new jobs, development of public utilities, and others. The paper provides an overview of the literature on the issue of sustainable development of tourism. We give the principles and indicators for sustainable tourism development. The carried out analysis allowed us to determine some of the basic principles of sustainable tourism development taking into account the conceptual arguments in favor of development, sustainable development, and sustainable tourism development.