E V Yablokova’s research while affiliated with Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences and other places

Previous research has demonstrated that a combined magnetic field (CMF) plays a critical role in modifying the properties of aqueous solutions, leading to an increase in the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Using this model, the distant interaction between aqueous solutions was demonstrated, and the role of a CMF in the regulation of this phenomenon was established. In the current study, highly diluted (HD) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) solution (the donor) was incubated with aqueous ethanol (the acceptor), both in a CMF-generating device and under geomagnetic field (GMF), for 0, 20, and 60 min. After a 60 min incubation at a 0 cm distance with HD PMA under both GMF and CMF, acceptor samples added to neutrophils increased neutrophil chemiluminescence by approximately sevenfold. The ability of HD PMA, which had been incubated with an acceptor, to activate ROS production diminished within 60 min of observation. However, the HD PMA sample remained an effective donor for up to 6 days after preparation. At a 10 cm distance between the donor and acceptor, the activation of the acceptor did not occur. These findings provide new insights into the phenomenon of distant interaction of solutions, whose mechanisms are suggested to be related to the quantum electrodynamics of water molecular dynamic structures.

The article reveals that a decrease in the background production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peritoneal neutrophils of mice after a short-term (40 minutes) stay in hypomagnetic conditions (residual field  10 nT) at physiological temperatures, detected by the method of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, is not accompanied by a violation of chemiluminescent response to respiratory burst activators: formylated peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) and phorbol ester of phorbol-12-meristat-13-acetate (PMA). These results were obtained by activated chemiluminescence using lucigenin or luminol and various combinations of ROS production activators (PMA and/or fMLF). In contrast, the action of combined parallel constant (induction 60 μT) and alternating (amplitude range 60-180 nT, frequency 49.5 Hz) magnetic fields (CMF) leads to a decrease in the chemiluminescent response to these activators. These data indicate different sources of ROS that respond to certain modes of CMF and hypomagnetic field in neutrophils. The conducted research and the previously obtained results enable to exclude the systems that control the respiratory burst in neutrophils from the main targets and acceptors that respond to short-term deprivation of the magnetic field.

The influence of magnetic fields on the physico–chemical properties of water and aqueous solutions is well known. We have previously shown that weak combined magnetic fields with a 60 µT static component and a 100 nT (at 12.6 Hz) variable component are able to activate neutrophils, both directly and indirectly, through water pre-incubated in these fields. The ability to influence the activity of neutrophils was retained in serial dilutions of water, but only when a mechanical effect (shaking) was applied at each dilution step. Here, we confirm that combined magnetic fields are required for the formation of the stimulatory activity of water on ROS production by neutrophils. For the first time, we determined the threshold values of a constant magnetic field (at least 350–550 nT) necessary to maintain this activity in a series of successive dilutions. Additionally, the biophysical properties of various dilutions appeared to be not identical. This confirms that the number of technological steps (successive dilutions with physical influence) is a key factor that determines the activity of highly diluted samples.

. It was shown that incubation of a suspension of mouse peritoneal neutrophils for 30 minutes under hypomagnetic conditions obtained using permalloy magnetic screens (a constant magnetic field of not more than 20 nT, the level of variable man-made noise is reduced to a few nT) causes a significant decrease (about 48%) signal intensity of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence measured immediately after incubation. 20 minutes after magnetic treatment (followed by incubation in a geomagnetic field during this time, induction 44 μT, the level of magnetic interference at a frequency of 50 Hz was 15-50 nT), the differences between the control and experimental groups remain completely (the difference was about 49%). In 40 and 60 minutes after exposure to the "zero" field, followed by keeping the samples in the geomagnetic field for the specified time intervals, the difference between the control and experimental samples decreased to 32% and 22%, respectively. This effect was registered without additional activation of neutrophils by chemical agents initiating respiratory burst, such as N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe formylated peptide or phorbol-12-meristat-13-acetate phorbol ester, and was not associated with effects on cellular systems, providing this explosion.

We have previously shown that water incubated in a weak combined magnetic field (CMF) increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils. Adding high dilutions (HD) of water into the same system resulted in a similar effect. HD of antibodies to interferon-gamma (HD Abs to IFNγ) were shown to emit electromagnetic radiation and affect hydrogen bond energies. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HD of substances (donor) on the properties of aqueous solutions (acceptor). The donor and acceptor were incubated for 1 h in a controlled magnetic field so that the walls of the two cuvettes were in close contact. As a control, the acceptor was incubated under the same conditions but without the donor. An aliquot of the acceptor solution was then added to mouse neutrophils, and ROS levels were measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Joint incubation led to a 185–356% increase (p < 0.05) in ROS production, depending on the type of acceptor sample. The magnitude of the effect depended on the parameters of the magnetic field. In a CMF, the effect was strongest, completely disappearing in a magnetic vacuum or with shielding. These findings are important for understanding the physical mechanism of action of HD preparations, which opens up opportunities for expanding their practical applications.

Abstract—Some current trends in the development of research on the effects and mechanisms of the biolog-ical action of weak and ultra-weak static magnetic fields, low-frequency alternating magnetic fields, combined magnetic fields, and radio frequency fields in combination with a static magnetic field are presented.Experimental studies in which interesting and somewhat unexpected effects of magnetic fields with strengthsignificantly lower than the magnetic field of the Earth (including those with intensities close to zero) wereobserved, are considered. The data are given taking into account the materials of the joint annual meeting ofthe Society of Bioelectromagnetism and the European Association of Bioelectromagnetism “BioEM 2021”(September 26–30, 2021, Ghent, Belgium).

Incubation of the suspension of neutrophils in hypomagnetic field generated by a system of magnetic shields (residual constant magnetic field not exceeding 20 nT) leads to significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to control (geomagnetic field 44 μT), which was recorded by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and fluorescent spectroscopy with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA). During increase of constant magnetic field (CMF) in 0.02-44 μT range, polyextreme character of the response of the neutrophils to this action was observed: the minima of ROS production were at 0.02 μT and 7.0 μT, alternating with 2.5 μT and 30 μT values, at which the used test system does not react to the exposure to CMF.