E. N. Yarygina’s research while affiliated with Volgograd State Medical University and other places

To date, in the clinical practice of a dental surgeon, patients with various diseases, anomalies and deformities are often found. At the same time, there may often be a relationship between general somatic pathology and manifestations in the oral cavity. PFAPA syndrome (Marshall syndrome) is no exception. This paper discusses the main features of the course of the disease in the oral cavity and the principles of a differentiated approach to surgical treatment. Thus, patients with Marshall syndrome have chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, cervical lymphadenitis, pharyngitis and fever. At the same time, such patients have recurrent episodes of exacerbation every 1-2 months, which worsens the health of the oral cavity and creates certain difficulties for the dentist surgeon. Due to the high prevalence of auto-inflammatory diseases among children who often require dental care, clinicians need and need to have knowledge about this pathology.

Introduction. Psychoemotional stress is currently recognized as one of the significant risk factors affecting human health. Recent studies have highlighted its role in the development of various dental pathologies, in particular disorders of occlusive relationships. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and severity of psychoemotional stress in patients with occlusion disorders, as well as to identify key symptoms of psychological stress that affect dental health. Material and methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry of Volgograd State Medical University and included 120 patients aged 18 to 44 years with various disorders of occlusive relationships. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the degree of tooth abrasion. The PSM-25 questionnaire (Lemyr-Tessier-Fillion), adapted for the Russian-speaking audience, was used to assess the level of psychoemotional stress. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, including correlation analysis, to identify the relationship between stress levels and the severity of occlusive disorders. Results and their discussion: The results of the study showed that all patients included in the study experienced psychoemotional stress. The most common indicators of psychological stress have been identified: bruxism, clenching, physical malaise, fatigue and sleep disorders. Correlation analysis has demonstrated the presence of a direct relationship between the level of psychoemotional stress and the severity of occlusive disorders. Patients with more pronounced clinical manifestations of occlusal imbalance also had higher stress levels. Conclusion: The study confirmed the significant influence of psychoemotional stress on the development and course of disorders of occlusive relationships. The identification of key symptoms of psychological stress in patients with occlusive disorders is important for practical dentistry, as it allows to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. However, for a more accurate and differentiated approach to diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account many risk factors and hidden relationships, which requires further research.

Relevance. Persistent tension in muscle tissue leads to overload of contractile elements, causing structural damage and the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum without subsequent reuptake. Chronic muscular overload due to prolonged or repetitive contractions contributes to excessive strain and may result in temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction. To prevent disorders associated with masticatory muscle hypertonicity, therapeutic interventions should primarily target the affected muscle tissue. One non-invasive approach is the application of ozone therapy. This study aimed to conduct a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ozone therapy in alleviating hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles. Materials and methods. An experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic method. Hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles was induced in 30 laboratory rats, which were then randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received standard treatment, while the second group underwent direct ozone therapy targeting the masticatory muscles. After 14 days of treatment, both qualitative parameters (inflammatory infiltration area, volume density of blood vessels, muscle tissue area) and semi-quantitative indicators (inflammation severity, as well as signs of edema and necrosis) were assessed. Results. In the first group, the muscle tissue exhibited structural disorganization and fiber hypertrophy, with occasional branching, reduced volume density of blood vessels, and increased muscle fiber area due to hypertrophy. Inflammatory response and edema persisted. These findings indicated significant impairment of tissue perfusion due to sustained spasticity. In the second group, only minor focal edema and isolated vascular engorgement were observed. The volume density of blood vessels did not differ significantly from that in intact muscle tissue. No lymphocytic infiltration, necrotic changes, or tissue destruction were detected. Conclusion. This experimental study demonstrated the myorelaxant effect of ozone therapy in alleviating muscle spasticity. No adverse effects or complications were observed in either group. The treatment did not result in marked dystrophic or destructive changes in muscle tissue.

To understand the processes occurring during the development of temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome, a clear description of the anatomical components is necessary. In the literature, the term «stomatognathic system» is used for this, the elements of which are the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and the dental periodontal complex. Each component of the system is influenced by a number of factors, primarily psychological, which causes the subjectivization of clinical manifestations from headaches to pathological tooth cutting and the development of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. One of the methods of treating this pathology is to inject botulinum toxin type A into the chewing muscles. However, the question of the choice of methods of administration of botulinum toxin and its dosage remains relevant. Materials and methods. Botulinum toxin injections were performed outside and intraoral in 30 patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated on the basis of clinical examination data, analysis of the degree of mouth opening before the start of treatment, after 14 days, 6 and 12 months. Results. The high efficiency of botulinum toxin type A injections in the treatment of the above pathology has been proven. Conclusion. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on the developed clinical examination methods, if necessary, correct it in a timely manner at all stages of treatment and follow-up of patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome.

Complete secondary adentia is a two-sided problem for both the patient and the dentist. Patients cannot lead a full-fledged lifestyle due to impaired aesthetics and chewing functions, and dentists experience certain difficulties in performing diagnostic manipulations in this category of patients. Currently, there are no methods for determining the volume of mouth opening in toothless jaws using a hardware and software package, which was the purpose of the study. The work is based on the examination of 30 people with a diagnosis of complete secondary adentia, the control group consisted of healthy people without partial secondary adentia. For the frequency of the study, a correlation analysis of the criteria obtained using a caliper compass and a hardware and software complex was performed. The comparative analysis revealed the reliability of the data obtained using the device developed by the authors.

The article discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment tactics for malignant tumors of the maxillofacial region using a rare clinical case of a malignant neoplasm of the upper jaw as an example. Currently, oral cavity and pharynx cancer ranks ninth among all malignant neoplasms. Early diagnosis of this disease may be due to a number of reasons, such as high social significance of the disease, poor quality of life of patients, significant increase in the incidence of tumors in this localization, high proportion of patients with advanced stages of the disease, frequency of relapses and metastases, even with radical surgical treatment. Despite this, among patients diagnosed at an early stage, the percentage of satisfactory treatment results is 80-90%, and: 60% of patients with head and neck cancer have a late stage of the disease, and such patients die within 5 years. The most common reasons for advanced cases and diagnostic errors in malignant neoplasms: long asymptomatic course; late visit to the dentist; lack of expression, erased clinical manifestations; insufficient knowledge of the dentist, lack of oncological alertness. This work is aimed at demonstrating a rare clinical case of low-symptom course of esthesioneuroblastoma of the upper jaw. To clarify the diagnosis and diagnostics, various research methods were used: cone-beam computed tomography (Gendex CB 500, Germany), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scanner PHILIPS INTERA 1.5 T), morphological and immunohistochemical studies. Complex treatment was carried out, as well as dynamic observation of the patient's condition. This clinical case clearly illustrates significant difficulties in early clinical diagnostics of malignant neoplasms of the upper jaw and maxillary sinus and the possibility of rapid progression of the tumor process.

Orofacial pain syndrome is an urgent problem in dentistry, due to the multifactorial and polyetiological nature of the disease. One of the causes of myofascial pain syndrome is hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, which determines the direction diagnostics and treatment. Objective. Correlation analysis of functional diagnostic methods in the dynamics of relief of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles in an experiment. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an experimental study was conducted on 30 laboratory male Wistar rats. To simulate muscle hypertonicity, a 10% calcium chloride solution was injected into the area of the masticatory muscle on the right and left. In order to influence the area of hypertonicity, ozonation was carried out using the Ozotron apparatus. To assess the effectiveness of the impact, electromyographic and laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) studies were carried out before the introduction of a 10% calcium chloride solution, immediately after ozonation, after 3, 7 and 14 days. Results. Experimentally, based on the analysis of data from electromyographic and LDF-metric studies, a direct relationship between the state of local blood flow and the functional activity of the masticatory muscles has been proven. With an increase in the average amplitude of the masticatory and temporal muscles, spastic disturbances of the bloodstream are observed, thus, microcirculatory disorders play a key role in the regulation of muscle tone and the distribution of blood flow. Conclusion. The experiment proved the indirect effect of ozone therapy on the functional state of the masticatory muscles in laboratory animals, which justifies the feasibility of conducting a clinical study in the treatment of patients with muscle hypertonicity.

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in digital methods for diagnosing occlusive imbalance both in Russia and abroad. The development of technologies in this area opens up new prospects for improving the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing digital methods and devices for diagnosing occlusive imbalance, identify their advantages and disadvantages, and assess the prospects for their implementation in clinical practice. Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, a systematic review of 40 scientific publications covering the period from 2016 to 2024 was conducted. The study includes both domestic and international sources from leading scientific electronic libraries and databases. Data on various types of digital devices such as strain gauges, piezoresistive and piezoelectric transducers, pressure sensors and fiber optic sensors are analyzed. Methods of index evaluation of occlusal contacts have also been studied. Results and discussion: The analysis showed that existing digital technologies for the diagnosis of occlusive imbalance have significant potential to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnosis. Load cells, piezoresistive and piezoelectric transducers, as well as pressure sensors and fiber optic sensors provide various approaches to measuring the occlusion force. Despite their high sensitivity and accuracy, the implementation of these technologies faces challenges such as the complexity of equipping clinics and the insufficient level of digital competencies among doctors. Conclusion: Digital diagnostic technologies for occlusal imbalance have significant potential to improve dental practice. However, for the successful implementation of these methods, it is necessary to overcome the existing difficulties associated with equipment and training of specialists. Further efforts in the field of digital technology development, process automation and advanced training of dentists can contribute to more effective diagnosis and treatment of occlusion disorders.

The article presents the experience of developing and applying an expert system based on artificial neural networks to predict the risk of violations of occlusive relationships. The relevance of the study is due to the high prevalence of occlusive disorders and the need for an individual approach in their diagnosis and treatment. The system, based on machine learning methods, analyzes patient data and provides dentists with accurate forecasts and recommendations. A randomized controlled trial involving 150 patients confirmed the effectiveness of the model, demonstrating the accuracy of risk classification with an accuracy of more than 93% for each study. The results confirm the expediency of introducing such technologies into clinical practice to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, optimize treatment processes and prevent complications. The study was conducted as part of the scientific work on the development of a methodology for neural network analysis and forecasting the risk of developing violations of occlusive relationships within the framework of the implementation of the Russian Science Foundation grant dated 12.04.2024 No. 24-25-20098 and the Agreement on the provision from the regional budget (Volgograd region) subsidies dated 31.05.2024 No. 10.

Full rehabilitation of patients after atypical extraction of wisdom teeth is not among the priority issues in dentistry, however, the duration and severity of postoperative inflammatory contracture of the masticatory muscles significantly affects the duration of the postoperative period, increasing the patient’s period of disability. Numerous studies indicate the advisability of local effects on tissues in order to improve blood and lymph circulation in the area of inflammation, which enhances the exchange of intercellular fluid and relaxes the masticatory muscles. A method of adaptive myogymnastics for early rehabilitation of patients is proposed and proved the effectiveness of its use.