March 2022
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55 Reads
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3 Citations
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March 2022
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55 Reads
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3 Citations
April 2014
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49 Reads
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2 Citations
Infancia y Aprendizaje
El artículo analiza el impacto del divorcio en los hijos y las diversas variables que pueden influir, como el temperamento, el estrés acumulativo, el estado de desarrollo o las diferencias sexuales. Se examinan las consecuencias del paso a una familia uniparental, que supone cambios prácticos en la vida cotidiana y cambios en las relaciones padres-hijos. Se hace patente la necesidad de investigaciones sobre el funcionamiento de la familia uniparental y la necesidad de establecer sistemas de apoyo que ayuden a las familias a hacer frente a todos estos cambios.
April 2010
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814 Reads
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106 Citations
Journal of Social Issues
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of the effects of divorce on play and social interaction in children. Forty-eight middle class white preschool children from divorced families and a matched group of forty-eight non divorced families were studied at 2 months, 1 year and 2 years after divorce. In the first year following divorce disruptions were found in both play and social relations for boys and girls from divorced families. The adverse effects had largely disappeared for girls by two years after divorce; however, the effects were more intense and enduring for boys. The play patterns of children from divorced families, in comparison to those of children in non divorced families, were less socially and cognitively mature when measured shortly after divorce. Limitations and rigidity in fantasy play were particularly notable. In the year following divorce both boys and girls showed high rates of dependent helpseeking behavior and acting out, non-compliant behavior. This again was more enduring in boys than girls. Even when the behavior of boys from divorced families had improved they were viewed and responded to more negatively by peers and teachers than were children from non divorced families or girls from divorced families.
August 2007
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368 Reads
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247 Citations
Journal of Marriage and Family
This study addresses two limitations of coparenting research: first, little research on coparenting has been conducted with families of adolescents, and second, there is little understanding regarding the child and family contexts in which coparenting is most salient. The longitudinal relation of coparenting conflict to parenting and adolescent maladjustment across 3 years was investigated among 516 2-parent, 2-adolescent families. Coparenting conflict predicted as much or more unique variance in parenting and adolescent adjustment as did marital quality and disagreement together. After controlling for stability, coparenting conflict predicted mothers' and fathers' negativity and adolescent antisocial behavior (but not depression). Importantly, the influence of coparenting conflict in all cases varied as a function of family type, adolescent gender, or initial level of antisocial behavior, or all. The implications of these results for family processes in different relational and developmental contexts are discussed.
April 2007
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77 Reads
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136 Citations
Archives of General Psychiatry
Little is known about the interplay of genotypes and malleable risk factors in influencing adolescent psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Information on these processes is crucial in designing programs for the prevention of psychiatric disorders. To assess whether latent genetic factors and measured parent-child relationships interact (G x E) in predicting adolescent antisocial behavior and depression. We characterized risk of antisocial behavior and depression in adolescents by means of a genetically informed design. We used in-home questionnaire and observational measures of adolescent outcomes and environmental moderators (parenting), and a latent variable behavior genetic analytic model. A nationally distributed sample recruited from random-digit dialing and national market panels. A total of 720 families with at least 2 children, 9 through 18 years old, stratified by genetic relatedness (monozygotic and dizygotic twins, full biological siblings in nondivorced and stepfamilies, and half-siblings and biologically unrelated siblings in stepfamilies). Antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. There was an interaction of genotype and both parental negativity and low warmth predicting overall antisocial behavior, as well as aggressive and nonaggressive forms of antisocial behavior, but not depression. Genetic influence was greater for adolescent antisocial behavior when parenting was more negative or less warm. Genotype-environment correlation was partialled out in the analysis and thus did not account for the results. This study demonstrates, on the basis of careful measurement and appropriate analytic methods, that a continuous measure of parenting in the normative range moderates the influence of genotype on antisocial behavior.
March 2007
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1,242 Reads
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61 Citations
Twin Research and Human Genetics
The Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) project is a longitudinal study of twins/siblings and parents that has been assessed 3 times: middle adolescence, late adolescence and young adulthood (N=720 families at Time 1). Siblings varied in degree of genetic relatedness including identical twins, fraternal twins, full siblings, half siblings and genetically unrelated (or step) siblings. There were also two family types: nondivorced and step. A multimeasure, multirater approach was taken in NEAD, with data collected from all participants (2 twins or siblings, mother and father) as well as from coded videotaped observations of family interactions. Detailed assessments of family relationships, adolescent adjustment and competence were collected at all 3 times. The original aim of NEAD was to identify systematic sources of nonshared environmental influences that contribute to differences among family members. Although systematic sources of nonshared environmental influences were not found in NEAD, three major sets of findings emerged: (1) genetic influences on family relationships and on associations between family relationships and adolescent adjustment; (2) genetic and environmental influences on adolescent adjustment, comorbidity and stability and change in adolescent adjustment from middle to late adolescence; and (3) genetic influences on relationships outside the family.
December 2006
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236 Reads
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38 Citations
Journal of Family Psychology
The purpose of the study was to determine whether well-established associations between authoritarian parenting and adolescent adjustment pertain to conservative Protestant (CP) families. Structural equation modeling was used to test paths from biological fathers' authoritarian parenting to adolescent adjustment in 65 CP versus 170 comparison families in the Nonshared Environment and Adolescent Development Study (NEAD; D. Reiss et al., 1994). The hypothesis that adolescents in CP families would be less harmed by authoritarian parenting than would adolescents in control families was partially supported: Authoritarian parenting directly predicted greater externalizing and internalizing for adolescents in control families but not for adolescents in CP families. In contrast, parents' religious affiliation failed to moderate the negative associations between authoritarian parenting and positive adjustment. Understanding family processes specific to the CP subculture is important for helping these families raise competent children.
November 2006
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10 Reads
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3 Citations
Behavior Genetics
April 2006
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107 Reads
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77 Citations
Review of Social Development
The purpose of the present study was to investigate genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in adolescents' social interactions outside the family. We investigated sibling resemblance for adolescents' reports of interactions with best friends and teachers, and parents' perceptions of adolescents' peer groups in 701 same-sex adolescent sibling pairs aged 10-18, using a twin, full sibling, and step sibling design. Our goals were to assess the magnitude of sibling resemblance, and to disentangle resemblance due to shared genetic heritage from that due to shared environmental experiences. Substantial genetic influence was found for parents' perceptions of adolescents' peer groups. Adolescents' reports of positive interactions with teachers and best friends also showed significant genetic influence. In contrast, individual differences in adolescents' reports of negative interactions with teachers and best friends showed no significant genetic influence. In addition, most environmental influences for social interactions with teachers, best friends, and peers were largely of the nonshared variety, suggesting that growing up in the same family does not make adolescents similar in their extrafamilial social interactions.
March 2006
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1,036 Reads
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95 Citations
In this chapter, I examine how marital conflict, divorce, and remarriage affect parenting, parent-child and sibling relationships, and the adjustment of children as they move from early to mid-adolescence. The association between marital and family discord, marital transitions and child adjustment is well established. Children and adolescents living in contentious homes or divorced or remarried families in comparison; with those in harmonious nondivorced families are higher in externalizing behavior problems (antisocial behavior, aggression, noncompliance) and internalizing behavior problems (inhibited, withdrawn behavior, anxiety, depression) and lower in social responsibility, self-esteem, and social and cognitive competence (see Amato, 2001; Amato & Keith, 1991a; Cummings, Goeke-Morey, & Rapp, 2001; Hetherington, Bridges, & Insabella, 1998; Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan, 2000; 2002; McLanahan, 1999, for reviews). Although conduct disorders decline in young adulthood, substance abuse, alcoholism and troubles with the law remain higher in youths from conflicted, divorced and remarried families. Youths who have experienced their parent's marital transitions also are more likely to be single parents, to experience lower socioeconomic and educational attainment and to be on welfare. In addition, they have more problems with family members, in intimate relations, in marriage and in the workplace. Their divorce rate is higher and their reports of general well-being and life satisfaction are lower (Amato, 1999; 2001; see Chapter 8, in this book); Amato & Booth, 1996; Amato & Keith, 1991b; Hetherington, 1999a; 2003; Hetherington & Kelly, 2002).
... This focus on identical behaviors/ emotions assessed from different perspectives is in many ways an asset, in that it allows us to capture some of the dyadic or relational nature of mother-child conflict. Moreover, child perceptions of mother-child conflict have been shown to genetically mediate associations between observer ratings of that conflict and child behavior (Neiderhiser et al., 1998). On the other hand, our interpretations are accordingly limited to informant-specific perceptions of, rather than observations of, mother-child conflict. ...
November 1998
Developmental Psychology
... Amidst this discourse, the influence of parental attitudes emerges as a pivotal factor shaping children's engagement with outdoor activities. The literature extensively affirms the well-established understanding that parents play a primary role in shaping children's attitudes and behaviors [8,9]. This influence extends to areas such as exercise, physical activity, and children's engagement in extracurricular activities, where children often mirror the attitudes of their parents [10e13]. ...
December 2002
... B. Amato, 2010; Lansford, 2009; Schmidt- Denter & Beelmann, 1997; Schneewind, 2010). Im Jugendalter sind bei den Betroffenen weiterhin niedrigere Schulleistungen festzustellen (Hetherington & Elmore, 2004); in der Pisa-Studie zeigte sich dieser Unterschied beim Vergleich von SchülerInnen aus Ein-vs. Zwei-Eltern-Familien jedoch vor allem in den USA, nicht jedoch in Deutschland (Ehmke, Hohensee, Heidemeier & Prenzel , 2004; OECD, 2010). ...
August 2004
... To nie formalny rozwód, a właśnie ich nieprawidłowy związek wywiera negatywny wpływ na dzieci. Zostało dowiedzione, że skonfliktowana rodzina wyrządza więcej szkód swoim członkom niż stabilny dom, w którym doszło do rozwodu 133 . ...
December 1981
... Step-family status is likely to be associated with DP for two reasons: first, separation is stress- ful for parents and has been shown to decrease parenting capacity (Hetherington, Cox & Cox, 1986); and second, parents show less negativity to their biological children than their non-biological children (Hetherington & Clingempeel, 1992;O'Connor, Dunn, Jenkins & Rasbash, 2006). Regarding marital conflict, Richmond and Stocker (2008) recently demonstrated that the within-family association between mothers' hostility and child problem behaviour was stronger in families characterized by more marital discord than in families demonstrating less discord. ...
November 1991
... Beyond family heterogeneity in terms of economic prosperity on the household level and per capita, families with more than one child differ in parental treatment of siblings. Psychological family research with a focus on parental differential treatment reveals that children from the same family can have different experiences with their parents and within their family as a non-shared environment (Feinberg & Hetherington, 2001). Tucker et al. (2003) for example investigated differential treatment in five domains of parenting comparing first-and second-born children in couple-parent families. ...
March 2001
Journal of Family Psychology
... With regard to disciplinary roles, stepchildren prefer that parents are the primary disciplinarians (Moore & Cartwright, 2005). Stepchildren are better adjusted (Bray, 1988;Hetherington, 1993) and stepfamilies are more successful (Bray, 1988;Golish, 2003;Hetherington, 1993;Hetherington et al., 1992;Kelley, 1992;Schrodt & Braithwaite, 2011) when the parent plays the primary disciplinary role and the stepparent is less active in disciplining stepchildren. When biological parents take the lead, particularly in setting rules and disciplining children, then stepparents can benefit by learning from observing what the parents' expectations for children have been; if the stepparent is inexperienced with children of that age, then they also benefit from gaining firsthand knowledge about children's development (Saint-Jacques, 1995). ...
Reference:
Effective Coparenting in Stepfamilies
January 1992
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
... Lorsque celles-ci cumulent avec la difficulté des communautés d'accueil à fournir les services sociaux de bases telles que l'éducation, il en résulte un double préjudice d'accès et de qualité dont la principale victime est l'enfant scolarisé. À ce sujet, de nombreuses théories ont longtemps postulé un désavantage scolaire des élèves de parents séparés (Hetherington, 1977(Hetherington, , 1981Maccoby, 1992 ;Amato, 2010). L'observation des trajectoires scolaires des élèves évoluant en contexte de séparation parentale fait néanmoins ressortir de grandes différences sur le plan des habiletés cognitives. ...
December 1981
... Asocierea dintre tensiunile familiale cauzate de tranzițiile privind separarea părinților și efectele adaptării copilului la schimbările separării, a fost stabilită în numeroase studii care evidențiază nivelul mai ridicat de probleme emoționale și de comportament, atât la nivel externalizant (comportament antisocial, noncompliant, agresivitate) cât și la nivel internalizant (comportament inhibat, retras, anxietate, depresie), cu un nivel mai scăzut de responsabilitate socială, stimă de sine și competență socială și cognitivă, la copiii și adolescenții care trăiesc în cămine litigioase sau în familii divorțate în comparație cu cei din familii armonioase și nedivorțate [8]. ...
March 2006
... Thus, it was found that in the development of antisocial behaviour in early years, there is a strong correlation of heritable characteristics and family influences (Dodge, & Sherrill, 2007). This was in line with previous studies exploring the idea of the coactivity of nature and nurture in human development O'Connor et al., 1998;Pike et al., 1996;Reiss, 1997). A phenomenon of "gene-environment correlation", a correlation between parents' respond to the genetically driven characteristics of their offspring, was introduced into this field of research (Shonkoff, & Phillips, 2000). ...
July 1996
Developmental Psychology