January 2023
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18 Reads
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
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Publications (200)
January 2023
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30 Reads
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26 Citations
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
This essay uses information from Latino immigrants who were victims in the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 and are not included in the official list of the dead from this attack to illustrate the operation of counting as a central, theoretical issue in the construction of disaster statistics. A phenomenological approach would complement current emphases on the operation of organizations, their lack of coordination, and fraud as explanations for the lack of validity of disaster mortality statistics. The paper examines the social categories and understandings that were used to create the official New York City list of the dead, the link of the official list with receipt of money from charities, and the work of Asociación Tepeyac de New York (Tepeyac) in developing an unofficial list of Latino victims. Results show that the Mexican mass media exaggerated the number of Mexican dead by a ratio of 15 to 1. Contrary to mass media reports, Tepeyac also assisted people who were included in the official count of the dead and who were not Mexicans. The Tepeyac list is overwhelmingly a list of male names, but neither gender has a greater proportion of exclusion from the official NYC list. Exclusion from the official NYC list occurs more often to Mexican men recently arrived in the country and earning a living in the underground economy of Lower Manhattan if compared to Dominicans and Puerto Rican victims. We conclude that structural factors such as the operation of bureaucracies and systemic discrimination are not the sole causes of the social invisibility of some of these Latino victims. Nor is it solely the effect of the categories used to organize the count of the dead. It is also a function of the social behavior of Latino immigrants and of their surviving kin during the course of their immigration and incorporation into the US. The paper concludes with some suggestions to improve statistics on disaster deaths.
January 2023
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4 Reads
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
January 2023
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10 Reads
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
January 2023
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103 Reads
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12 Citations
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
We discuss earlier observations and meetings which led us to propose that a special issue of the journal be published on theoretical aspects of disasters, especially on how the term “disaster” ought to be conceptualized. Our basic position is the field cannot develop well as a research enterprise unless there is greater clarity and more consensus about the central concept in the field. We particularly note that there are both old and new classification problems that need to be addressed in asking: What is a disaster?
January 2023
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2 Reads
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
November 2017
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41 Reads
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46 Citations
September 2010
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464 Reads
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102 Citations
Disasters
After a survey of all the English language social science literature and a review of several case histories, the Disaster Research Center compiled a number of observations on sheltering and housing following sudden onset disasters which are summarized here. The study is aimed at increasing our knowledge of American peace-time disasters. The four different phases: emergency and temporary sheltering and emergency and temporary housing are defined and discussed. There seems to be little disaster planning and often the co-ordination of relief efforts is inefficient. It appears that communities could be better informed and that more research is necessary in order to understand and evaluate these phenomena properly. The paper points to areas which could be usefully investigated.
November 2009
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60 Reads
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10 Citations
Fear is one of the dominant emotions through which we imagine disaster. It also constitutes an important dimension of contemporary social reality. Public fear and anxiety play a crucial role in deliberations surrounding the environment, health, crime, children, new technologies, and recently and quite dramatically in relation to terrorism. Governments and public organizations often take the view that fear is a problem that they need to understand and manage. Today the discussion of public resilience in response to terrorism reflects this concern. Historically the imperative of maintaining public order and morale or concern about the outbreak of mass panic led governments to speculate about this problem with a view to containing it and minimizing its destructive effects. After the devastating experience of Hurricane Katrina, the problem of fear has also been “rediscovered” in relation to natural disasters.
November 2009
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7,766 Reads
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40 Citations
The aim of this chapter is to assess, from an economic perspective, ways in which actual globalization is likely to affect disaster vulnerability. We approach the issue by putting forward an economic concept of disaster localization. It is first shown that a localized disaster is unlikely to affect the macroeconomy in any significant way. In addition, development tends to make all disasters localized as an incidental consequence of its endogenous and exogenous processes. The people and activities directly affected by a disaster may still undergo severe difficulties, but these are likely to be less intense and more rapidly counteracted in countries with higher levels of integration, diversification, and general development. That is, as economic resilience and economic disaster confinement increase, disaster vulnerability is bound to decrease. However, the effect of current globalization on vulnerability seems to be double edged. On the one hand, globalization is likely to speed up the downgrading of vulnerability at the national level by helping to upgrade localization. On the other, however, at least in the short and medium terms, globalization may increase vulnerability at the local level by disenfranchising communities and individuals as well as adding new sources of economic instability. Does globalization help the process of disaster localization? Is current globalization beneficial for the people and activities that can be directly affected by a potential disaster? In other words, we look at the ways in which the main economic features of actual globalization might affect disaster vulnerability, at national and local levels.1
Citations (86)
... The term emergency has different meanings for different individuals ('t Hart and Boin 2001) and related terms such as disasters, crises, and catastrophes are often used interchangeably (Wolbers et al. 2021). Despite varying opinions on the usage of these terms (see for example Quarantelli 1988Quarantelli , 1997Lagadec 2007;Quarantelli et al. 2007;Quarantelli et al. 2018), for pragmatic reasons we have used emergency as an umbrella term in this study. Such situations typically involve a high level of risk, uncertainty, and disruption to normal routines, necessitating rapid and effective response strategies from relevant authorities, organizations, or individuals to safeguard lives, property, and the overall well-being of those affected. ...
- Citing Chapter
November 2017
... Highlighting the disparities between countries, the Danish antemortem team had good access to dental records given that dental care was widely available to the population, and records were kept for 10 years [24]. Further, highlighting disparities within a country based on citizenship status, following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in the USA, it became apparent that an official list of the dead did not include all missing undocumented migrants, for a range of complex reasons [25]. The same was true of the Grenfell Tower fire in the UK in 2017, where migrant and asylum seeker communities were affected [26]. ...
- Citing Article
January 2023
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
... The term "disaster" has been defined in many different ways, and consequently there has been no consensus on defining it in disaster research (Quarantelli 1995). The following examples of Eastern and Western definitions show how differently disasters can be defined. ...
- Citing Article
January 2023
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
... The market meaning model (Beckert, 2019) reduces uncertainty and asymmetric information in determining consumer willingness to pay (WTP), facilitating the exchange of meanings and perceptions of product quality. This is particularly relevant in anonymous online marketplaces where the buyer cannot know the product's quality until the transaction is successful (Serpe, 2021), leading to an asymmetric information situation that may generate trust issues. Online marketplace addresses this issue with a reputation system, which facilitates successful transactions and overcomes fraud (Gregg and Scott, 2006), builds trust, and overcomes trade-related issues (Tadelis, 2016a). ...
- Citing Book
January 2007
... Emergency managers and local officials utilize numerous channels and information strategies to formulate and disseminate protective action recommendations [29,53,54]. While these studies offer important insights into the channels utilized by emergency management and local officials during hurricanes, less is understood about the preferences of information sources and channels utilized by households and, more specifically, the extent to which the preferred information channels of households align with those utilized by local emergency managers. ...
- Citing Article
January 1980
... The WHO director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explicitly shared this concern in his press conference on 23 February 2020, where he observed that "using the word pandemic [now] does not fit the facts, but it may certainly cause fear" (WHO, 2020). Fear has an adaptive role in preventing people from harm, and researchers have previously noted that apprehensions about mass panic triggered by disasters and emergencies are exaggerated (Quarantelli, 2001;Gantt and Gantt, 2012;Van Bavel et al., 2020). In this light, the present research adds to the evidence base-instead of reacting with heightened anxiety, people in the 16 countries showed an increase in positive emotions and a decline in anxiety, and around the middle of March, anxiety ceased to be the predominant CE in all countries. ...
- Citing Chapter
December 2001
... highlighted that first responders and other emergency response agencies have been almost universal in their praise of the Incident Command System (see for example Carley, et al., 1993;Kane, 2001;Morris, 1986;Ryland, 1990;Veintimiglia, 1986;Yeager, 1997), while other researchers have not been as positive about the system's efficacy (see for example Wenger, et. al., 1990). The early research that examined the system, focused on its command-and-control value and have expressed concern for the secondary focus on coordination between organizations and levels of government when responding to disasters and emergencies (Buck, et. al., 2006). Buck, et. al. (2006) also claimed that this means that the system is ...
- Citing Article
January 1990
... Karena keberadaan dan gerakannya yang cenderung tidak kontinu dan labil serta kemunculannya yang sulit diduga, massa menjadi objek studi yang hanya bisa ditelaah secara post-facto. Massa dengan demikian sebatas bisa diselidiki pada aspek-aspek pasca-kejadiannya dan bukannya pada sebelum dan saat kemunculannya (Aguirre & Quarantelli, 1983). Keterbatasan ini tentu membuat peneliti kesulitan menegakkan representativitas dan objektivitas studinya tentang massa (Joesoef, 1981). ...
- Citing Article
August 1983
Sociological Focus
... In general, it is stated that individuals will gain individual resilience by volunteering and that, by contributing to social resilience, both vulnerabilities will be reduced during and after the disaster, and professional teams will be assisted by contributing to human resource capacity in the intervention and recovery stages (19,48). In the 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in China in 2008, volunteers were reported to be an important force in the rst response and rescue efforts, in meeting shelter and basic needs, in determining and distributing needs, and nally in carrying out activities in the recovery and reconstruction phases (49). In the 7.8 magnitude Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023, it was stated that experienced volunteers made a signi cant contribution to solving the problems in the region and that the number of people rescued would have been higher if more quali ed volunteers had been in the region (50). ...
- Citing Article
March 2006
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
... This bifurcation resembles the onset of excitable dynamics in models of neuronal dynamics [32,33]. We also note the qualitative similarity between the excitable dynamics of our model and the formation of social fads, which is a collective behavior in which a topic, object, or behavior experiences an increase in popularity that forms suddenly, last a short amount of time, and declines rapidly [34,35]. ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
August 1988
American Sociological Review
