E. Emily Mahoney’s research while affiliated with University of South Florida and other places

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Publications (4)


Beyond Adoption Status: Post-Adoptive Parental Involvement and Children's Reading and Math Performance From Kindergarten to First Grade
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

September 2016

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68 Reads

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15 Citations

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

Tony Xing Tan

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Jessica Rice

In this study, we went beyond adoption status to examine the associations between postadoption parental involvement and children’s reading and math performance from kindergarten to first grade. Secondary data on a sample of adopted children and nonadopted children were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999 (ECLS-K). Weighted data on the children’s reading performance were available for 13,900 children (181 were adopted); weighted data on the children’s math performance were available for 14,128 children (184 were adopted). Descriptive data showed no group difference in reading scores at all 3 Waves but adopted children scored lower than nonadopted children in math at Wave 2 (Spring of kindergarten) and Wave 3 (Spring of first grade). However, controlling for 6 covariates, latent growth modeling showed that adoption status was unrelated to Wave 1 reading and math scores or subsequent growth rate. Rather, parents’ beliefs on skills needed to succeed in kindergarten were a significant predictor of reading and math performance at Wave 1 and subsequent growth rates, and parents’ educational expectation was a significant predictor of growth rate in reading and math. Our findings highlight the importance of parental involvement in adopted children’s learning.

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Chapter 1. Pre-adoption stress, adversity and later development in IA children

March 2016

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18 Reads

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1 Citation

Internationally-adopted children are a unique population of language learners. They discontinue acquisition of their birth language when they are adopted by families that speak other languages. Their unique language learning history raises important practical, clinical and theoretical issues. Practically speaking: what is the typical language learning trajectory of these children after adoption and what factors affect their language learning: age at adoption, country of origin, quality and nature of the pre-adoption learning environment, and others. They also raise important theoretical questions: How resilient is their socio-emotional, cognitive and language development following adoption? Does their language development resemble that of first or second language learners, or something else? Do they experience total attrition of their birth language? Are there neuro-cognitive traces of the birth language after adoption and what neuro-cognitive processes underlie acquisition and processing of the adopted language; are they the same as those of monolingual native speakers or those of early second language learners? And, how do we interpret differences, if any, between adopted and non-adoptive children? Chapters in this volume by leading researchers review research and provide insights on these issues.


East Meets West: Adopted Chinese Girls' Nighttime Sleep Problems and Adoptive Parents' Self-Judgment About Parenting

January 2016

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21 Reads

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4 Citations

Behavioral Sleep Medicine

We investigated the association between adopted Chinese girls' nighttime sleep problems and adoptive parents' self-judgment about their parenting. The girls were 1.7-6.9 years old (M = 4.6 years, SD = 1.0) and were adopted at 7-56 months (M = 13.9 months, SD = 6.6) by families in North America. At Wave 2 of a longitudinal study on adopted Chinese children's development, the adoptive parents provided survey data on bedtime resistance or anxiety and parasomnias in their daughters and their own parental sense of entitlement and parenting competence. Results showed that controlling for child and family demographics, parasomnias, but not bedtime resistance or anxiety, negatively predicted parental sense of entitlement (B = -.13, p < .01) and parenting competence (B = -.14, p < .01).


Developmental Delays at Arrival and Postmenarcheal Chinese Adolescents' Adjustment

January 2015

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35 Reads

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12 Citations

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

Internationally adopted (IA) children often have delays at adoption and undergo massive catch-up after adoption. Before achieving developmental catch-up, however, delays at adoption present a risk for IA children's adjustment, but it remains unknown whether such delays foreshadow IA children's outcomes after catch-up development has completed or ceased. In the current analysis, we utilized menarche as a practical marker to indicate the cessation of developmental catch-up. We investigated how delays at arrival predicted long-term outcomes in 132 postmenarcheal teens (M = 14.2 years, SD = 1.7) who were adopted from China at 16.6 months (SD = 17.1). In 2005, adoptive parents provided data of medical evaluation results on their children's delay status in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, social development, emotional development, and cognitive development. Six years later in 2011, data on parent-child relationship quality were collected from parents, and data on the adoptees' academic competence and internalizing problems were also collected from both parents and adoptees. We found that gross motor delay at arrival predicted academic performance (parent-report: b = -.34, p < .01) and internalizing problems (self-report: b = .26, p < .05; parent-report: b = .33, p < .01). Other delays were not significant in predicting any of the outcomes. The impact of early nutritional deprivation on gross motor development was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Citations (4)


... 6 and in the extent to which children's developmental needs are met (e.g., health, nutrition, stimulation and relationship needs; Rice, Jackson, Mahoney, & Tan, 2016), a common characteristic of almost all institutions is that they do not provide children with the opportunity to build stable relationships with consistent caregivers. Institutions, for instance, are often characterized by large groups, high child-to-caregiver ratios, caregivers working in rotating shifts, and lack of individualized care, limiting opportunities to develop stable relationships. ...

Reference:

Remarkable cognitive catch-up in Chinese Adoptees nine years after adoption
Chapter 1. Pre-adoption stress, adversity and later development in IA children
  • Citing Chapter
  • March 2016

... Parent engagement varies by family economic level, with middle-class parents being more interested in their children's learning activities than working-class parents [22]. The theoretical models of home-based involvement, school-based involvement, and teacher-parent communication all specifically focus on parental involvement and have demonstrated the association between family income and parental involvement [8,9]. Yet, the subject of how family income influences parental involvement, particularly how family income affects teacher-parent communication, needs further exploration. ...

Beyond Adoption Status: Post-Adoptive Parental Involvement and Children's Reading and Math Performance From Kindergarten to First Grade

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

... Some researchers suggest that entitlement could affect problem behaviors through parents' ability to effectively discipline their children, as parents who doubt their right to parent the child might be more likely to use inconsistent or permissive discipline techniques (Cohen et al., 1996;Reitz & Watson, 1992). However, others suggest that dealing with problematic behaviors can lead adoptive parents to doubt their ability and thus their right to parent their adoptive child (Tan, Mahoney, Jackson, & Rice, 2017). ...

East Meets West: Adopted Chinese Girls' Nighttime Sleep Problems and Adoptive Parents' Self-Judgment About Parenting
  • Citing Article
  • January 2016

Behavioral Sleep Medicine

... This may be due to the fact that in South Korea, the factors causing a child to be put up for adoption have mostly been social, such as a prevailing stigma of single motherhood (Boer et al., 1994), and South Korean adoption facilities have had a relatively high standard of care (Kim, 1995;Kim et al., 1999;Odenstad et al., 2008). Similar favourable patterns in terms of behavioural adjustment and academic performance have been observed in adoptees of Chinese origin in North America (Tan and Marfo, 2006;Cohen and Farnia, 2010;Tan et al., 2015). In Latin America, in contrast, the reasons behind adoption are more often related to poverty (Boer et al., 1994), implying that adoptees born in Latin America could have been subjected to more adverse pre-adoption experiences. ...

Developmental Delays at Arrival and Postmenarcheal Chinese Adolescents' Adjustment

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry