E. Blair’s scientific contributions

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Publications (2)


Detection and quantification of carboxylic acid excursions in high-purity water using an on-line TOC analyzer
  • Article

December 2008

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9 Reads

T. Stange

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L. Zhao

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E. Blair

UV degradation of carboxylic acids involves complex chemical reactions and the formation of many conductive intermediates along the pathway to complete mineralization. However, resistivity and TOC analyzers are sensitive to low-ppb levels of dissociated carboxylic acids and should be useful instruments for on-line detection of organic acid excursions in semiconductor high-purity water systems. Complete oxidation of organic acids at concentrations < 50 ppb have been demonstrated under high-DO conditions, but similar results should occur at low-DO conditions with similar acid concentrations. Complete oxidation is confirmed by full recovery of TOC after carboxylic acid injections. The ability to employ a TOC analyzer to detect trace level organic acid excursions using standard injections on a high-purity water loop creates new opportunities to use TOC analyzers for rudimentary speciation. When an analytical instrument reacts in a unique way to a specific type of contaminant, then this implies the ability to provide some level of speciation for that contaminant. This research has demonstrated a unique method of detecting a specific class of organic compounds, carboxylic acids, in high-purity water using an algorithm-modified TOC analyzer.


How rouge can impact on-line TOC analyzers

January 2008

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300 Reads

Rouge or colloidal iron oxide that is present in pharmaceutical water system, poses a significant challenge in moving total organic carbon (TOC) from a lab-based release to online release. Rogue deposition can alter online TOC analyzer performance within months of installation by changing cell constants and blocking ultraviolet light of quartz oxidation cells. When UV light is blocked, oxidation of organics to carbon dioxide is inhibited that leads to underreporting of TOC, making oxidation and analysis times longer than the expected time in the water sample. Also, analyzers that use membrane technology to separate carbon dioxide from the sample matrix are at greater risk because of colloidal fouling and reduced carbon dioxide efficiency. Reduced membrane performance can lead to inaccuracy, drift, and instability. Three strategies can help mitigate such effects of rouge. These include dynamic endpoint detection, rouge detection sensors and oxidation cell maintenance kits.