Dwi Hilda Putri’s research while affiliated with State University of Padang and other places

Abstrak Perlunya pengendalian penyakit tanaman yang ramah lingkungan mendorong dikembangkannya fitopestisida berbahan aktif senyawa tanaman. Senyawa aktif seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsiri terbukti efektif mengendalikan patogen tanaman sekaligus mengurangi efek negatif pestisida kimia. Senyawa tersebut berasal dari bagian tumbuhan seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga dan buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel terkait efektivitas senyawa aktif pada tanaman sebagai pestisida nabati. Perancangan menggunakan literatur review yang dikumpulkan melalui mesin pencari seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan adalah artikel terbitan tahun 2019 hingga 2024 yang membahas tentang penggunaan pestisida tanaman untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif pada tanaman dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen dengan berbagai cara, misalnya dengan merusak membran sel patogen, mengganggu metabolisme, dan menghentikan beberapa enzim. Oleh karena itu, pestisida nabati dapat digunakan untuk pertanian organik dan kelestarian lingkungan.

Indonesia is a global hotspot of pitcher plant diversity with 80 Nepenthes species recorded to date - 59 protected under Indonesian law - and more species likely to be discovered and described in the future. Under Indonesian law, these protected Nepenthes can only be traded if they originate from artificially propagated sources, and trade necessitates specific permits and government-issued certification. The present study aimed to evaluate the trade of Nepenthes species protected by Indonesian law in Indonesian-language online markets. The trade data was searched in March 2024 in the top five most visited e-commerce in Indonesia, i.e., Shopee, Tokopedia, Lazada, Blibli, and Bukalapak. We discovered that 37 Nepenthes species (29 endemic to Indonesia; 14 species globally threatened) under protection in Indonesia were sold online, with 501 advertisements from 296 sellers. The majority (89.2%) of these sellers operated from Java Island. Our research documented the sale of 2,552 Nepenthes plants, totaling IDR 56,660,000 (USD $3,480). Additionally, sellers reported having 536,757 plants in stock, potentially worth over IDR 92 billion (USD$5,664,000). None of the sellers had permits for the Nepenthes they sold, indicating that they sold them illegally. Therefore, despite being designated as protected species in name, they lack effective protection in practice. The number of traded Nepenthes recorded in our study was higher than that reported by CITES (157 plants) over a 49-year period. Among the traded species, N. clipeata and N. sumatrana are two Critically Endangered species in the top 10 most advertised. These findings could aid the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry in identifying key players and regions involved in the trade, as well as assist conservationists and policymakers in determining which species need strong protection measures.

This study aims to analyze dextran-producing bacteria, especially from the general Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Lactobacillus, which produce the enzyme dextransucrase for dextran synthesis. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA protocol, with data sources from various trusted scientific databases for the 2020–2024 period. The results of the study show that variations in dextran structure, such as molecular weight and degree of branching, are highly dependent on the bacterial strain and fermentation conditions. Optimization of production parameters, including pH, temperature and substrate concentration, can increase dextran production efficiency The conclusions of this study emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the potential of dextran in industrial and biotechnology applications. Further research is recommended to explore new strains, optimize production processes, and diversify dextran applications.

Currently, cosmetics made from chemical (synthetic) ingredients are in demand by the public because they can whiten the skin by inhibiting the formation of melanin, but the lack of public knowledge about the impact of excessive use has encouraged the need for natural ingredients as tyrosinase inhibitors that are safer than synthetic ingredients. This study aims to test the potential of secondary metabolite compounds in M. kauki leaves as inhibitors of tyrosinase enzyme activity by determining the IC50 value. This assay utilizes L-tyrosine and arbutin as positive control substrates, with UV-Vis spectrophotometric absorption measurements taken at a wavelength of 470 nm. The findings revealed that the buthanol fraction exhibited the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, with an IC50 of 189,72 μg/mL. This was followed by the ethanol extract with an IC50 of 191,97 μg/mL, the hexane fraction at 381.50 μg/mL, and the ethyl acetate extract with an IC50 of 448.986 μg/mL. All samples displayed strong inhibitory activity, outperforming arbutin as a positive control, which had an IC50 value of 831.51 μg/mL.

Kalimantan, one of Indonesia’s islands, is home to remarkable biodiversity and cultural wealth, as evident in the variety of plant species and the diverse local communities. However, this richness is under threat due to land conversion, overexploitation, and a lack of knowledge among the younger generation about the uses of these plants. As a result, conservation efforts are crucial. Global databases play a key role in conservation planning by providing essential information on species taxonomy, conservation status, and their ethnobotanical and economic uses, helping guide conservation actions. The Zingiberaceae family, commonly used in Kalimantan, can be studied through global databases. This plant family is widely used for medicinal purposes. A recent inventory study focused on the medicinal plants from the Zingiberaceae family endemic to Kalimantan. The research aimed to gather data from global databases on endemic species, their medicinal records, and additional information such as conservation status and sustainable use. The results revealed that 230 species of Zingiberaceae are endemic to Kalimantan, with the top five genera being Boesenbergia, Etlingera, Zingiber, Scaphochlamys, and Alpinia. Furthermore, only four of the 230 species have medicinal records, 37 have DNA barcoding data, 66% have been assessed by IUCN Redlist, and just 3% are conserved ex situ nationally. These findings serve as a foundation for future conservation and sustainable use studies, potentially benefiting national and global efforts.

Enzim xilanase memiliki potensi besar dalam berbagai industri. Salah satu kegunaannya adalah dalam industri farmasi dan makanan karena kemampuannya mengubah xilan menjadi xilosa, sebuah gula rendah kalori. Selain itu, enzim xilanase juga digunakan dalam industri kertas sebagai agen pemutihan pulp (biobleaching). Xilanase dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri termofilik dengan menggunakan xilan dari ekstrak jerami padi sebagai substrat. Produksi enzim dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi yang tersedia, seperti sumber karbon. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan sumber karbon terbaik untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik xilanase oleh bakteri termofilik amobil SSA2. Untuk menghitung aktivitas khusus xilanase, dibagi aktivitas xilanase dengan konsentrasi protein. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium departemen biologi FMIPA UNP dari November 2021 hingga Januari 2022 dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen yang mengikuti rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan melibatkan 5 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Temuan dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan xilosa sebagai sumber karbon menghasilkan aktivitas khusus enzim xilanase tertinggi sebesar 1,536 Unit/mg. Kata kunci: Xylanase, Sumber Karbon, Xylosa, Bakteri Termofilik.

Online markets are becoming increasingly important for the trade of orchids. However, the sale of orchids online raises conservation concerns, as some sellers use these platforms to bypass regulations. In March 2024, we assessed the extent of trade of 28 nationally protected orchid species in the five most visited Indonesian-language online markets. Twenty-four of the 28 orchid species protected in Indonesia were being traded online, involving 1294 advertisements posted by 789 sellers. The majority (93%) of these sellers were located in Java; 3882 orchid individuals were sold during the performance of this research, with a total trade value of IDR 262 129 387 (USD 16 911). Furthermore, there were 2 831 688 orchid individuals reported to be available in stock by sellers, with a total potential trade value of more than IDR 231 billion (USD 14.9 million). None of the recorded sellers in the present study declared a permit for the orchids they offered. Our findings can be utilized by law enforcement agencies to identify key players and areas involved in this trade, as well as by conservationists and policymakers to determine which species are being traded and so might require further conservation measures.

Tempe is a typical Indonesian food that comes from fermenting soybeans with the fungus Rhizopus sp. Tempe is known to have good nutritional value because of the content contained in soybeans themselves and other microorganisms that appear as a result of the tempe fermentation process. The fermentation process increases the activity of bacteria in tempe which are beneficial for digestion, one of which is lactic acid bacteria. This research aims to see the differences morphological forms and genomic of lactic acid bacteria produced by tempe wrapped in banana leaves and tempe wrapped in plastic. The differences in fermentation that occurred in tempe wrapped in banana leaves and those wrapped in plastic resulted in differences in lactic acid bacteria type. Based on the isolation of bacteria on Mann de Rogosa Sharpe Agar medium, 15 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were produced, with general morphological forms of bacilli and coccus. Then, genomic identification was carried out using the PCR. The phylogenetic tree built based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence can show the relationship between LAB diversity at the species level, but cannot differentiate LAB from the strain level.

Millions of people, particularly in developing nations, depend on collecting exudates from the wild as a means of their livelihood. However, the use and production of exudates have declined in the last 100 years mainly due to the availability of superior and cheaper synthetic alternatives as well as the unsustainable tapping technique that leads to the death of the tapped plant individuals. In this contribution, we present the status of exudates-producing plant species in Southeast Asia, including the diversity, distribution, use, conservation status, protection, and ex situ conservation. The results of the present study can be used as a baseline for evolving a conservation strategy and action plant for exudates-producing plant species in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the results can also be used to support the sustainable utilization of exudates-producing plant species in the region.