Donna M. Webster's research while affiliated with Winthrop University and other places
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Publications (11)
S. L. Neuberg, T. N. Judice, and S. G. West (1997) faulted our work with the Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) on grounds that the NFCS lacks discriminant validity relative to S. L. Neuberg's and J. T. Newsom's (1993) Personal Need for Structure (PNS) Scale and is multidimensional, which, so they claim, renders the use of its total score inadmissible....
Two experiments examined the impact of the motivation for cognitive closure on the abstractness of linguistic communications in intergroup contexts. Participants described positive and negative behaviors attributed to either an in-group or an out-group member. Individuals high (vs. low) in need for closure exhibited greater linguistic abstraction w...
A theoretical framework is outlined in which the key construct is the need for (nonspecific) cognitive closure. The need for closure is a desire for definite knowledge on some issue. It represents a dimension of stable individual differences as well as a situationally evocable state. The need for closure has widely ramifying consequences for social...
A theoretical framework is outlined in which the key construct is the need for(nonspecific) cognitive closure. The need for closure is a desire for definite knowledge on some issue. It represents a dimension of stable individual differences as well as a situationally evocable state. The need for closure has widely ramifying consequences for social-...
An experiment examined the impact of mental fatigue on impression formation. Subjects experiencing fatigue as a result of participation in a lengthy final examination at a university manifested greater magnitude of primacy effects in impressions than did nonfatigued subjects. Those differences disappeared when subjects were held accountable for the...
This article introduces an individual-difference measure of the need for cognitive closure. As a dispositional construct, the need for cognitive closure is presently treated as a latent variable manifested through several different aspects, namely, desire for predictability, preference for order and structure, discomfort with ambiguity, decisivenes...
This article introduces an individual-difference measure of the need for cognitive closure. As a dispositional construct, the need for cognitive closure is presently treated as a latent variable manifested through several different aspects, namely, desire for predictability, preference for order and structure, discomfort with ambiguity, decisivenes...
Three experiments investigated the relation between need for cognitive closure and persuasion. In the 1st study, Ss high on an individual-differences measure of need for closure were more resistant to persuasion by their low need-for-closure counterparts than vice versa. In the 2nd study, Ss in a noisy environment, assumed to instill a relatively h...
Three experiments investigated whether the need to have (or avoid) cognitive closure affects observers' tendency to display attributional bias. Results of each experiment indicate that the overattribution bias was magnified under high need for cognitive closure and attenuated under high need to avoid closure. In Experiments 1 and 3, the relevant mo...
Four experiments examined freely interacting groups to investigate the determinants of group members' reactions to opinion deviates and conformists. In the 1st experiment, the deviate was rejected more when he or she articulated the dissenting opinion in close proximity to the group-decision deadline versus at an earlier point in the group discussi...
Citations
... Subordinates responded to the Italian version (De Grada, Kruglanski, Mannetti, Pierro, & Webster, 1996;Mannetti, Pierro, Kruglanski, Taris, & Bezinovic, 2002;Pierro, Mannetti, Converso, Garsia, Miglietta, & Ravenna, 1995) of the need for cognitive closure scale (Webster & Kruglanski, 1994). The need for cognitive closure scale is a 42-item self-report instrument designed to measure stable individual differences in the need for closure (e.g., "I would rather know bad news than stay in a state of uncertainty"). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272354689417224-1441945826315_Q64/Arie-Kruglanski-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272356845289478-1441946340159_Q64/Lucia-Mannetti.jpg)
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... Worse, they are particularly insensitive to arguments more nuanced or personal than rule-following and other forms of social mimicry. In fact, they prefer cognitive closure (Webster & Kruglanski, 1994) in answering questions on a given topic, over continued uncertainty, confusion, and ambiguity. An even more profound formulation of their motto is: "Out-group diversity, such as nuanced thoughts and self-directed behaviors, activates a sense of inadequacy in me, through raising doubt on my shared belief system. ...
... And the need for closure may be stronger when a decision must be made. When the need for closure is strong, citizens may focus on behaviours that they believe are conducive to achieving closure (Kruglanski & Webster 1996). Pieterson and van Dijk (2007) and Pieterson (2009: 188ff) talk about how citizens may need "uncertainty reduction" (which they treat as something separate from the "need for closure") or have "a need for clarity" and how these needs may influence their BE strategies. ...
... According to the journal Social Issues, people with mental closure tend to see their own point of view as the only correct one, and for this reason the opinions of others are rejected and considered wrong. Previous studies have demonstrated that mental closure is related to a limited information search, a preference for clear and unambiguous judgments and a simplified cognitive process involved in decision making [22,23]. Additionally, preference for predictability, also popularly known as the need for cognitive closure, is a trait characterized by a desire for a quick solution to an ambiguous situation. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272554833215497-1441993544426_Q64/Linda-Richter-4.jpg)
... 3. Influencia normativa: Este mecanismo se da cuando las personas asumen ciertas normas endogrupales para evitar el rechazo. Estas normas suelen ser refrendadas consuetudinariamente por el grupo y mantenidas por los miembros más influyentes, existiendo incluso una estructura jerárquica donde estos miembros obtienen más beneficios que los demás (Kruglanski & Webster, 1991). En un estudio, Dijkstra et al. (2008) observaron que el grado de aceptación del acoso escolar varía dependiendo del grado de aceptación, del status y de la influencia en el grupo que tengan los acosadores. ...
... This nuance of age is an important area to better understand. It may be partially explained by research which has noted that decreasing levels of openness, together with an increasing 'Need for Closure' (NFC), in old aged voters appears to be associated with an age related rise in conservatism (Webster and Kruglanski, 1994;Roberts et al., 2006;Cornelis et al., 2009). ...
... We assessed individual differences in need for closure with 15 items (e.g., "I don't like situations that are uncertain") measured on a 7-point scale (1 = Strongly disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree; e.g. "I don't like situations that are uncertain"; [61]; α = .86). Second, we measured loneliness with five items (e.g., "I feel left out") on a 4-point scale (1 = Never to 4 = Often; [62]; α = .91). ...
... La NCC ha sido estudiada en su relación con otros fenómenos. Recientes investigaciones han vinculado el fenómeno con la formación de estereotipos sociales (Kruglanski & Freund, 1983), el prejuicio (Baldner et al., 2019), el perdón (Pica et al., 2020), sesgo de atribución (Webster, 1993), el extremismo , los modos regulatorios (Jaume & Roca, 2020), efecto de homogeneidad intragrupal (Kruglanski, 2013), la justificación del sistema (Jaume et al., 2014) y el conservadurismo (Jost et al., 2003). De modo que, los efectos de NCC tienen efectos psicológicos individuales y grupales (Kruglanski, 2013). ...
... This relates to a desire for definite, unambiguous and certain knowledge. By 'freezing' information too early, instead of questioning information, solving discrepancies and a continuous search for more information and generating and testing hypothesis, and closed-mindendness is the result (Kruglanski & Webster, 1996). This then blocks knowledge and conceptual restructuring. ...
... Second, according to the linguistic intergroup bias (Maass et al. 1989;Webster et al. 1997), individuals exhibit greater linguistic abstraction when describing the positive behaviors of in-group (vs. out-group) members and the negative behaviors of out-group (vs. ...
