Diwashish Biswas’s research while affiliated with Gian Sagar Medical College and other places

Background: The most common cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deciency. During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and placenta. If the mother's iron stores are inadequate, it can lead to anemia. Folate is essential for the production of red blood cells. Inadequate intake of folate-rich foods or poor absorption of folate can result in anemia. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. A deciency in this vitamin can cause anemia, and it may be more common in vegetarians or individuals with certain gastrointestinal conditions. Certain chronic conditions, such as kidney disease or autoimmune disorders, can interfere with the production or lifespan of red blood cells, leading to anemia. Aims & objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. : 60 women w Materials & Methods ith singleton pregnancies admitted in labor in early and late pregnancy were enrolled. Anemia was classied based on the WHO criteria; HB concentration of <11 g/dl was considered anemia. HB concentration of 10–10.9 g/dl, 7–9.9 g/dl, and <7 g/dl was considered as mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Parameters such as gravida, type of family, education status, and duration of pregnancy was recorded. Out of 60 women, Results: 36 had anemia, Maximum women were seen in age group 21-30 years. 24 anemic had nuclear and 12 had joint family. Maximum anemic (18) were illiterate. 20 anemic had primi gravida and 16 had multigravida. 18 anemic had >24 weeks of duration of pregnancy. The difference was signicant (P< 0.05). Maternal complications were abortion in 1 normal and 5 anemic women, preterm labour in 2 normal and 3 anemic women, pre- eclampsia in 2 anemic and PPH in 1 normal and 4 anemic. Neonatal complications was LBW in 3 and 8, prematurity in 1 and 3, NICU admission in 1 and 5 and death in 3 normal and anemic women respectively. The difference was signicant (P< 0.05). There was Conclusion: high prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related severe anaemia is linked to poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. It is one of the indirect causes of maternal death that can be prevented. Adolescent education, routine prenatal exams, early detection and treatment, and avoidance of too-late, too-early, too-frequent, and too-many pregnancies are all important.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the modern-day epidemics with a spectrum of complications. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among patients with diabetes, and often it goes unnoticed in the initial period, which can later lead to complications. This study was planned to find out the magnitude of the problem of bacteriuria among diabetics and to look for its associated factors in diabetics. Methodology: A hospital-based study recruiting 100 eligible diabetics consecutively over a period of one year. Socio-demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and clinical examinations with relevant investigations were done. Informed written consent was taken. Results: Bacteriuria was found in 43 out of 100 participants. Prevalence was significantly more among females (54%) as compared to males (32%). Factors like poor glycaemic control, complications like neuropathy, diabetic foot were significantly associated with bacteriuria. E Coli was the most common bacterial isolate. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is common in diabetic patients, especially females, and other clinical factors like uncontrolled sugar levels also play a role.

Introduction: Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are important causes of morbidity also their diagnosis often delayed and require a spectrum of investigations. The current study attempts to predict and correlate, the fracture risk using simple tools like BMD and FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) score in CKD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 50 CKD patients age more that 40 years attending OPD (Out Patient Department) at a tertiary care Hospital in north India. Results: There is a negative correlation between BMD (NOF) and FRAX score for hip fracture risk and major osteoporotic fracture risk. Conclusion: The 10-year fracture risk in these patients, as predicted by FRAX score using FRAX (Indian) calculator, was significantly higher in CKD patients. Recommendation: FRAX can be useful tool for early screening of fracture risk in such situations for timely interventions.