Diane Feskanich's research while affiliated with Brigham and Women's Hospital and other places

Publications (152)

Article
Background: Although a number of studies have examined the association between alcohol intake and hip fractures, few have considered specific alcoholic beverages separately. Objectives: We prospectively assessed total alcohol and specific alcoholic beverage consumption and risk of hip fractures in US men and women. Methods: Health, lifestyle i...
Article
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Importance Vitamin supplementation far exceeding recommended doses is popular in segments of the population. However, adverse effects can occur. In a previous secondary analysis of combined data from 2 double-blind randomized clinical trials (RCTs), an unexpected increased risk of hip fracture was found among those treated with high doses of vitami...
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Milk provides energy and nutrients considered protective for bone. Meta-analyses of cohort studies have found no clear association between milk drinking and risk of hip fracture, and results of recent studies are contradictory. We studied the association between milk drinking and hip fracture in Norway, which has a population characterised by high...
Article
Background: To better understand health habits in older nurses versus the general population, we sought to determine whether the demographics, health care utilization, and Medicare spending by the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) participants enrolled in Medicare and a matched sample of Medicare beneficiaries meaningfully differed. Materials and method...
Article
Background: Although a number of studies showed a lower risk of hip fractures with high-quality diets, few of them were conducted in the United States. Objective: This prospective analysis examined the association between several diet quality indexes and risk of hip fractures in US men and women. Design: This is a prospective cohort study. Pa...
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Studies have shown that Raman spectroscopic analysis of fingernail clippings can help differentiate between post-menopausal women who have and who have not suffered a fracture. However, all studies to date have been retrospective in nature, comparing the proteins in nails sourced from women, post-fracture. The objective of this study was to investi...
Article
Background: In an effort to overcome quality and cost constraints inherent in population-based research, diverse data sources are increasingly being combined. In this paper, we describe the performance of a Medicare claims-based incident cancer identification algorithm in comparison with observational cohort data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS...
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Objectives Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Data examining the association of aspirin with the onset of BE, particularly for women, are scant and conflicting. Methods We leveraged data from 121,700 women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study, a large prospective cohort study, who biennially provided...
Article
Etiological differences between molecular subtypes of breast cancer, defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), have been examined in previous studies but results are inconsistent, most likely due to small numbers of rarer subtypes. In a recent systematic review of these studi...
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Background: No studies have estimated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost due to hip fractures using real-life follow-up cohort data. We aimed to quantify the burden of disease due to incident hip fracture using DALYs in prospective cohorts in the CHANCES consortium, and to calculate population attributable fractions based on DALYs for spec...
Article
Background: The 2014 US Surgeon General's report noted research gaps necessary to determine a causal relationship between active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk, including the role of alcohol consumption, timing of exposure, modification by menopausal status and heterogeneity by oestrogen receptor (ER) status. Methods: To addre...
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Background Night shift work and sleep duration have been associated with breast and other cancers. Results from the few prior studies of night shift work and skin cancer risk have been mixed and not fully accounted for other potentially important health-related variables (eg, sleep characteristics). This study evaluated the relationship between rot...
Article
Objective: Uric acid may be linked to bone health through its anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant effects, thereby affecting bone resorption and formation, or through inhibition of vitamin D activation and higher parathyroid hormone level. Prior studies on the relation between uric acid and bone mineral density have demonstrated conflicting results. To da...
Article
Background: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) risk. Additionally, environmental factors including smoking, alcohol consumption and heartburn have been shown to increase BE risk. However, no studies have evaluated whether interactions between these genetic and environmental factors infl...
Article
The role of fruit and vegetable intake in relation to fracture prevention during adulthood and beyond is not adequately understood. We investigated the potential association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture incidence in a large sample of elderly from Europe and United States. A total of 142,018 individuals (among which 116,509 wo...
Article
Background The relationship between protein intake and fracture risk is unclear. In addition, few studies have examined the contribution or association of specific protein sources with hip fractures among men. Objective To examine association between intake of total and specific sources of protein and hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women and...
Article
Purpose: Higher urine calcium is a common feature of calcium nephrolithiasis and may be associated with lower bone mineral density in individuals with kidney stones (KS). However, previous population based studies of KS and risk of bone fracture report conflicting results. We examined independent associations between history of KS and incident fra...
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Residential self-selection bias is a concern in studies of neighborhoods and health. This bias results from health behaviors predicting neighborhood choice. To quantify this bias, we examined associations between pre-move health factors (body mass index, walking, and total physical activity) and post-move neighborhood factors (County Sprawl Index,...
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Purpose Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens/ furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption. Methods A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2...
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Animal experiments have demonstrated the photocarcinogenic properties of furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals that are rich in citrus products. We conducted a prospective study for citrus consumption and risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin based on data from 41,530 men in the Health Pr...
Article
This study estimated the number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking for 12 smoking-related cancers and found that continued progress in reducing cancer mortality requires more comprehensive tobacco control. The 2014 US Surgeon General’s Report provided the estimated annual number of smoking-attributable deaths during 2005 to 2009 from canc...
Article
We followed 74,540 postmenopausal women and 35,451 men above age 50 for up to 30 years. Neither the prudent pattern, characterized by higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, nor the Western pattern, characterized by higher intakes of red/processed meats, and refined grains were associated with hip fracture risk. We examined the asso...
Article
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Mortality among current smokers is 2 to 3 times as high as that among persons who never smoked. Most of this excess mortality is believed to be explained by 21 common diseases that have been formally established as caused by cigarette smoking and are included in official estimates of smoking-attributable mortality in the United States. However, if...
Article
Human studies suggest that oxidative stress is a risk factor for osteoporosis, but its relationship with fracture risk is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress and hip fracture in postmenopausal women. We conducted a prospective study in the Nurses' Health Study...
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The proportion of cancer deaths in the contemporary U.S. caused by cigarette smoking (the population attributable fraction (PAF)) is not well-documented.Methods The PAF of all cancer deaths due to active cigarette smoking among adults 35 and older in the U.S. in 2010 was calculated using age and sex-specific smoking prevalence from the National Hea...
Article
Background: The frequency of soda consumption remains high in the United States. Soda consumption has been associated with poor bone health in children, but few studies have examined this relation in adults, and to our knowledge, no study has examined the relation of soda consumption with risk of hip fractures. Objective: We examined the associa...
Article
In Reply Dr Heaney questioned our adjustment for calcium intake during adult years, which was done because our primary question was the independent contribution of milk intake during adolescence to future risk of hip fracture. However, repeating the analysis without adjustment for adult milk consumption and supplemental calcium intake made little d...
Article
Background: The frequency of soda consumption remains high in the U.S. Soda consumption has been associated with poor bone health in children, but few studies have examined this relationship among adults, and none have examined the relation of soda consumption to risk of hip fractures. Objective: We examined the association of soda, including speci...
Article
Objectives: We assessed associations between activity and hip fracture in men. Methods: The Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported time spent walking, sitting, and in 10 other discretionary activities every 2 years in 35 996 men aged 50 years and older from 1986 to 2010. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of hip fracture by amount...
Article
Importance Milk consumption during adolescence is recommended to promote peak bone mass and thereby reduce fracture risk in later life. However, its role in hip fracture prevention is not established and high consumption may adversely influence risk by increasing height.Objectives To determine whether milk consumption during teenage years influen...
Article
The risk of lung cancer among night-shift workers is unknown. Over 20 years of follow-up (1988–2008), we documented 1,455 incident lung cancers among 78,612 women in the Nurses' Health Study. To examine the relationship between rotating night-shift work and lung cancer risk, we used multivariate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for detailed...
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Objectives: We investigated associations of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) by age. Methods: Data came from the Pooling Project on Diet and Coronary Heart Disease (8 prospective studies, 1974-1996; n = 192,067 women and 74,720 men, aged 40-89 years). Results: During follow-up, 4326 cases of CHD were reported. Relative to never smokers...
Article
Preclinical and epidemiologic evidence supports a possible role for beta-adrenergic blocking drugs (beta-blockers), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in promoting survival after breast cancer. However, these drugs are often used concurrently with aspirin, and there is a growing body of evidence indicating a survival benefit for a...
Article
Background: Acute sleep restriction has been shown to increase blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity. Methods: We investigated the relationships between sleep duration and hypertension among women whose sleep durations were self-reported in 1986 (n = 82,130) and 2000 (n = 71,658) in the Nurses' Health Study I (NHS-I) and in 2001...
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Objective: To report long-term mortality following oophorectomy or ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy in subgroups of women based on age at the time of surgery, use of estrogen therapy, presence of risk-factors for CHD and length of follow-up. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 30,117 Nurses’ Health Study participants having a hys...
Article
Dietary protein has a mixed effect on skeletal health and the effect may differ by amount or source of protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary protein in relation to bone density and fat-free mass in rural Korean residents consuming relatively low protein diets. Between 2008 and 2010, 3,330 participants were recruited for a ba...
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The disease risks from cigarette smoking increased in the United States over most of the 20th century, first among male smokers and later among female smokers. Whether these risks have continued to increase during the past 20 years is unclear. We measured temporal trends in mortality across three time periods (1959-1965, 1982-1988, and 2000-2010),...
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Background: Despite safety reports of the artificial sweetener aspartame, health-related concerns remain. Objective: We prospectively evaluated whether the consumption of aspartame- and sugar-containing soda is associated with risk of hematopoetic cancers. Design: We repeatedly assessed diet in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Profess...
Conference Paper
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Osteoporosis is a highly debilitating disease associated with aging and involves weakening of the bones, leading to bone fracture after low-trauma impact. Current methods of diagnosing osteoporosis are poor at predicting those patients who will fracture, with the consequence that many patients undergo unnecessary treatment regimes while many others...
Article
Estrogen has been proposed to modulate gut inflammation through an effect on estrogen receptors found on gastrointestinal epithelial and immune cells. The role of postmenopausal hormone therapy on risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 108,844 postmenopausal US women (median a...
Article
Background Oral contraceptive use has been associated with risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Objective To determine whether this association is confounded or modified by other important lifestyle and reproductive factors. Design A prospective cohort study was carried out of 117 375 US women enrolled since 1976 in the Nurses...
Article
Introduction: Dietary protein has a mixed effect on bone health, and it may differ by amount or source. The majority of epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary protein has a positive association with bone health. However, most studies, so far, have been performed in women and in people with moderate- to high-protein diet...
Data
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Appendix: Details of studies used in meta-analysis and of supplementary analysis
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To examine the association between chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of hip fracture. Prospective cohort study. Nurses' Health Study, which originally recruited from the 11 most populous states in the US. 79,899 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study who provided data on the use of PPIs and other risk factors...
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Epidemiological and other evidence suggests that vitamin D may be protective against several chronic diseases. Assessing vitamin D status in epidemiological studies, however, is challenging given finite resources and limitations of commonly used approaches. Using multivariable linear regression, we derived predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sc...
Article
Data on the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on hip fracture risk are inconsistent. We investigated this association in 75,878 women and 46,476 men and did not find a significant role for polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in the prevention of hip fractures. Introduction Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important in the prevention o...
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Vitamin D status and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and C-peptide have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, in contrast to vitamin D IGF-1 is not an easily modifiable risk factor. Combining data from the Health Professionals Follow up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study cohort (NHS) additive and multiplicative...
Article
Estrogens have a central role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Milk and dairy products are a source of steroid hormones and growth factors that might have physiological effects in humans. We hypothesized that high intakes of milk and dairy products are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly among postmenopausal...
Article
Milk contains calcium, phosphorus, and protein and is fortified with vitamin D in the United States. All these ingredients may improve bone health. However, the potential benefit of milk on hip fracture prevention is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the association of milk intake with risk of hip fracture based on a m...
Article
s: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Nov 7-10, 2010; Philadelphia, PA Background: Vitamin D status and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and C-peptide (a marker of insulin exposure) have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, IGF-1 is not an easily modifiable risk factor. Laborato...
Article
There is increasing evidence suggesting that female hormones may play a significant role in lung cancer development. We evaluated the associations between reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and lung cancer incidence in the Nurses' Health Study. We assessed age at menopause, age at menarche, type of menopause, parity, age at first birth, p...
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To our knowledge, research has not been conducted on bicycle riding and weight control in comparison with walking. Our objective was to assess the association between bicycle riding and weight control in premenopausal women. This was a 16-year follow-up study of 18,414 women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Weight change between 1989 and 2005 was th...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, prospective population-based data addressing this association have been lacking. We conducted a prospective cohort study among 119,332 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and SLE at ba...
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Age and certain lifestyle factors, including a higher body mass index and exposure to light at night, are related to lower circulating concentrations of melatonin-a hormone with probable cancer-protective properties. Although melatonin is a direct derivative of the essential amino acid tryptophan, little is known about the relation of diet with mel...
Article
To report long-term health outcomes and mortality after oophorectomy or ovarian conservation. We conducted a prospective, observational study of 29,380 women participants of the Nurses' Health Study who had a hysterectomy for benign disease; 16,345 (55.6%) had hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, and 13,035 (44.4%) had hysterectomy with ovaria...
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Studies of the association between physical activity (PA) and weight maintenance have been inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between PA patterns and prevention of weight gain among 46 754 healthy premenopausal women, aged 25-43 years in 1989. Participants reported their PA and weight in 1989 and 1997. The primary outcome was g...
Article
The type and amount of physical activity (PA) needed for prevention of weight regain are not well understood. We prospectively examined the associations between patterns of discretionary PA and 6-year maintenance of intentional weight loss among 4,558 healthy premenopausal women who were 26-45 years old in 1991 and had lost >5% of their body weight...
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Rotating night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and is associated with coronary heart disease. The relation between rotating night shift work and ischemic stroke is unclear. The Nurses’ Health Study, an ongoing cohort study of registered female nurses, assessed in 1988 the total number of years the nurses had worked rotating night shifts. The...
Article
Compared with cohort studies, case-control investigations have tended to report clearer protective associations for the relationship between physical activity and premenopausal breast cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort to examine whether recall or selection bias could explain the stronger protec...
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To examine the relationship between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the impact of quitting smoking on changes in HRQOL among women in the two Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohorts (n = 158,736) who were 29 to 71 years of age in 1992/1993 when they reported data on smoking status and completed the Short Form-36 version 1 (SF-36)....
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Smoking trends among nurses are important to monitor as smoking negatively affects their health and decreases their likelihood of providing cessation interventions to patients. The objective of the study was to describe the changes in smoking trends in the participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohorts over 27 years. An analysis of biennial...
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Better information on lung cancer occurrence in lifelong nonsmokers is needed to understand gender and racial disparities and to examine how factors other than active smoking influence risk in different time periods and geographic regions. We pooled information on lung cancer incidence and/or death rates among self-reported never-smokers from 13 la...
Data
Pooled Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Lifelong Nonsmokers of European Descent (40 KB XLS)
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Characteristics of Selected Cohorts That Analyzed Lung Cancer Mortality Rates among Lifelong Nonsmokers (22 KB XLS)
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Pooled Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Lifelong Nonsmokers of European Descent—Only Cohorts with Both Men and Women (38 KB XLS)
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Lung Cancer Incidence Rates (Per 100,000) among Male Lifelong Never-Smokers of European Descent in Individual Cohort Studies (30 KB XLS)
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Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Asian Male Lifelong Never-Smokers in Individual Cohort Studies (27 KB XLS)
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Pooled Lung Cancer Incidence Rates (Per 100,000) among Lifelong Nonsmokers of European Descent—Only Including Cohorts with Both Men and Women (39 KB XLS)
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Pooled Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Asian Lifelong Nonsmokers (64 KB XLS)
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Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Asian Female Lifelong Never-Smokers in Individual Cohort Studies (27 KB XLS)
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Pooled Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among African American Lifelong Nonsmokers (38 KB XLS)
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Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among Female Lifelong Never-Smokers of European Descent in Individual Cohort Studies (37 KB XLS)
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Pooled Lung Cancer Incidence Rates (per 100,000) among Lifelong Nonsmokers of European Descent (37 KB XLS)
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Lung Cancer Mortality Rates (Per 100,000) among African American Male Lifelong Never-Smokers in Individual Cohort Studies (25 KB XLS)