Derek E. Nieman’s scientific contributions

... The results of Ref. [15] also showed that more than half of the methane was consumed during the main combustion process, followed by the postcombustion oxidation, and as high as a quarter of the methane might remain unburned. In a study by Nieman et al., a full-load dual-fuel operation map was proposed with the aim to maximize the BTE under all operating conditions [16]. Multiple combustion modes were deemed to be required based on the load-speed condition of the engine starting with diesel operation at low load-low speed and dual-fuel operation with near top dead center (TDC) diesel single injection at high load [16]. ...

Reference:

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Intake Pressure on a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

... The HRF is then directly injected well before TDC to modulate reactivity, differing from PRDF in which diesel injection timing remains similar to CDC, i.e., a late pilot injection near TDC, to ignite the premixed methanol-air mixture. PRDF is commonly referred to as the conventional dual-fuel (CDF) strategy [15,98,99]. In methanol DF engines, this premixed strategy is often called diesel methanol dual-fuel (DMDF) [100][101][102], or diesel methanol compound combustion (DMCC) [103][104][105]. ...

Reference:

Methanol for heavy-duty internal combustion engines: Review of experimental studies and combustion strategies