Deborah A. Kashy’s research while affiliated with Michigan State University and other places

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Publications (163)


The Design and Analysis of Data from Dyads and Groups
  • Chapter

December 2024

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69 Reads

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1 Citation

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Robert A. Ackerman

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Deborah A. Kashy

This indispensable collection provides extensive, yet accessible, coverage of conceptual and practical issues in research design in personality and social psychology. Using numerous examples and clear guidelines, especially for conducting complex statistical analysis, leading experts address specific methods and areas of research to capture a definitive overview of contemporary practice. Updated and expanded, this third edition engages with the most important methodological innovations over the past decade, offering a timely perspective on research practice in the field. To reflect such rapid advances, this volume includes commentary on particularly timely areas of development such as social neuroscience, mobile sensing methods, and innovative statistical applications. Seasoned and early-career researchers alike will find a range of tools, methods, and practices that will help improve their research and develop new conceptual and methodological possibilities. Supplementary online materials are available on Cambridge Core.


Abnormal oculomotor corollary discharge signaling as a trans-diagnostic mechanism of psychosis

September 2024

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9 Reads

Journal of Vision

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Rachael Slate

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[...]

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Background and Hypothesis: Corollary discharge (CD) signals are “copies” of motor signals sent to sensory areas to predict the corresponding input. They are a posited mechanism enabling one to distinguish actions generated by oneself vs external forces. Consequently, altered CD is a hypothesized mechanism for agency disturbances in psychosis. Previous studies have shown a decreased influence of CD signals on visual perception in individuals with schizophrenia—particularly in those with more severe positive symptoms. We therefore hypothesized that altered CD may be a trans-diagnostic mechanism of psychosis. Study Design: We examined oculomotor CD (using the blanking task) in 49 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ), 36 bipolar participants with psychosis (BPP), and 40 healthy controls (HC). Participants made a saccade to a visual target. Upon saccade initiation, the target disappeared and reappeared at a horizontally displaced position. Participants indicated the direction of displacement. With intact CD, participants can make accurate perceptual judgements. Otherwise, participants may use saccade landing site as a proxy of pre-saccadic target to inform perception. Thus, multi-level modeling was used to examine the influence of target displacement and saccade landing site on displacement judgements. Study Results: SZ and BPP were equally less sensitive to target displacement than HC. Moreover, regardless of diagnosis, SZ and BPP with more severe positive symptoms were more likely to rely on saccade landing site. Conclusions: These results suggest that altered CD may be a trans-diagnostic mechanism of psychosis.



Fig. 1. (A) Task schematics. Dotted circles represent gaze positions and do not appear on the screen. (B) Using corollary discharge (CD) signals to inform perceptual judgments. Top, when participants initiate a saccade, they also compute a CD vector containing saccade information; participants can use CD to predict that the saccade landing site will fall short of the target. Bottom, after the target disappears and reappears at a displaced location, participants use CD to remap the pre-saccadic target location to judge the displacement direction (correct response here is backward). However, if CD is altered, participants may use saccade landing site as a proxy of the pre-saccadic target location, thereby erroneously reporting a forward displacement. Adapted from Collins et al., 2009. (C) Hypothesized regression results. Top, less reliance on CD may lead to reduced sensitivity to target displacement (i.e., a flatter slope). Bottom, less reliance on CD may lead to more reliance on saccade landing site. This will be reflected in a positive intercept when the post-saccadic target location was forward to saccade landing site (i.e., a forward response bias), and/or a negative intercept when the post-saccadic target location was backward (i.e., a backward response bias)..
Fig. 2. Group × target displacement interaction. The vertical axis indicates the likelihood of making a forward response.
Fig. 3. (A) Positive symptoms × post-saccadic direction interaction. (B) Negative symptoms × target displacement × post-saccadic direction interaction. Forward and backward refer to post-saccadic direction.
Demographic and clinical information.
Saccade metrics and task performance.
Abnormal Oculomotor Corollary Discharge Signaling as a Trans-diagnostic Mechanism of Psychosis
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2024

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86 Reads

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2 Citations

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Background and Hypothesis Corollary discharge (CD) signals are “copies” of motor signals sent to sensory areas to predict the corresponding input. They are a posited mechanism enabling one to distinguish actions generated by oneself vs external forces. Consequently, altered CD is a hypothesized mechanism for agency disturbances in psychosis. Previous studies have shown a decreased influence of CD signals on visual perception in individuals with schizophrenia—particularly in those with more severe positive symptoms. We therefore hypothesized that altered CD may be a trans-diagnostic mechanism of psychosis. Study Design We examined oculomotor CD (using the blanking task) in 49 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ), 36 bipolar participants with psychosis (BPP), and 40 healthy controls (HC). Participants made a saccade to a visual target. Upon saccade initiation, the target disappeared and reappeared at a horizontally displaced position. Participants indicated the direction of displacement. With intact CD, participants can make accurate perceptual judgements. Otherwise, participants may use saccade landing site as a proxy of pre-saccadic target to inform perception. Thus, multi-level modeling was used to examine the influence of target displacement and saccade landing site on displacement judgements. Study Results SZ and BPP were equally less sensitive to target displacement than HC. Moreover, regardless of diagnosis, SZ and BPP with more severe positive symptoms were more likely to rely on saccade landing site. Conclusions These results suggest that altered CD may be a trans-diagnostic mechanism of psychosis.

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An online and telehealth intervention for women diagnosed with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Journey Ahead pilot and feasibility trial

December 2023

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25 Reads

Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice

Background Women diagnosed with gynecological cancer suffer from disease-related and treatment-related symptoms that can result in diminished quality of life and persistent distress. There are few evidence-based treatments to mitigate distress for these survivors. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Journey Ahead, a blended online and telehealth coaching intervention adapted from the in-person Coping and Communication Intervention. Methods Fourteen women diagnosed and treated for gynecological cancer completed a baseline survey and were enrolled in Journey Ahead, which consisted of eight online modules and five telehealth coaching calls, and then completed a follow-up survey and treatment evaluation. Results Acceptance rates (27.5%) and follow-up survey completion (57.1%) were lower than expected. Eighty-six percent of participants logged into the online program, and 64.2% completed it. Eighty-three percent of participants completed four or five of the telehealth sessions, and 35.7% attended one session or did not attend any of the telehealth sessions. The results indicated that this intervention reduced depressive symptoms and cancer-related distress and increased emotional well-being, emotional expression, acceptance, psychological flexibility, and coping efficacy. Conclusions The results highlight the challenges of recruiting during the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of collecting detailed information from study participants about how to engage them in fully remote interventions. Overall, this single-arm pilot and feasibility study demonstrated satisfactory feasibility, excellent acceptability, and a promising preliminary impact on psychological outcomes.


Factors associated with health-related quality of life in a cohort of cancer survivors in New Jersey

July 2023

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42 Reads

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11 Citations

BMC Cancer

Background Although there is extensive literature on correlates of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors, there has been less attention paid to the role of socioeconomic disadvantage and survivorship care transition experiences in HRQoL. There are few large cohort studies that include a comprehensive set of correlates to obtain a full picture of what is associated with survivors’ HRQ0L. This cohort study of recent cancer survivors in New Jersey aimed to explore the association between social determinants of health, health history, health behaviors, survivorship care experiences, and psychosocial factors in HRQoL. Methods Eligible survivors were residents of New Jersey diagnosed with genitourinary, female breast, gynecologic, colorectal, lung, melanoma, or thyroid cancers. Participants completed measures of social determinants, health behaviors, survivorship care experiences, psychosocial factors, and HRQoL. Separate multiple regression models predicting HRQoL were conducted for each of the five domains (social determinants, health history, health behaviors, survivorship care experiences, psychosocial factors). Variables attaining statistical significance were included in a hierarchical multiple regression arranged by the five domains. Results 864 cancer survivors completed the survey. Lower global HRQoL was associated with being unemployed, more comorbidities, a less healthy diet, lower preparedness for survivorship, more unmet support needs, and higher fear about cancer recurrence. Two psychosocial factors, unmet support needs and fear of recurrence, played the most important role in HRQoL, accounting for more than 20% of the variance. Both unmet support needs and fear of recurrence were significant correlates of physical, functional, and emotional HRQoL domains. Conclusions Interventions seeking to improve cancer survivors’ HRQoL may benefit from improving coordinated management of comorbid medical problems, fostering a healthier diet, addressing unmet support needs, and reducing survivors’ fears about cancer recurrence.


Relationship quality predicted by whether a problem solving discussion occurred at low and high levels of partner optimism (±1 SD) holding actor optimism constant.
Relationship quality as a function of whether a problem solving discussion occurred, the problem was resolved, and the nature of the problem.
General relationship quality (measured at baseline) predicting the likelihood of a problem discussion occurring, its resolution, and the problem type.
Optimism (measured at baseline) predicting whether a problem discussion occurred, was resolved, and the problem type.
Predicting daily relationship quality as a function of actor and partner optimism, daily problem solving variables, and the interactions between optimism and problem solving.
Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study

February 2023

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253 Reads

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5 Citations

Problem solving is a necessary part of all successful relationships. The current study examined how naturally occurring day-to-day problem solving discussions were related to daily reports of relationship quality. In addition, we investigated whether optimism was associated with the nature and occurrence of these problems and moderated the association between problem solving discussions and relationship quality. Multilevel modeling was applied to data from 112 couples who completed daily diaries over 14 days (M age = 28.2, 95.5% heterosexual, 66.5% White). Relationship quality was higher on days when couples did not report a problem discussion, when couples reported at least somewhat solving the problem they discussed, and when the problem discussion did not involve conflict. More optimistic individuals and individuals with more optimistic partners were more likely to resolve problems, less likely to discuss problems specifically about their relationship, and less likely to have problem discussions involving conflict on days when problem discussions occurred. Individuals with partners who were high in optimism reported relatively high relationship quality regardless of whether a problem discussion occurred, whereas those with partners low in optimism reported significantly lower quality on days when such a discussion took place.


Four experimental treatments with basic terminology.
Experiment 1—absolute judgment warning results. Mean accuracy (left panels) and reaction times to make correct responses (right panels) are presented for trials where the medication was contraindicated (a “yes” response was correct) top panels) and where the medication was not contraindicated (a “no” response was correct lower panels). Error bars are the standard error of the mean.
Experiment 1—absolute judgment active ingredient results. Mean accuracy (left panels) and reaction times to make correct responses (right panels) are presented for trials where the medication was contraindicated (top panels) and where the medication was not contraindicated (lower panels). Error bars are the standard error of the mean.
Experiment 2—forced choice selection results. Mean accuracy (left panels) and reaction times to make correct responses (right panels) are presented for trials where the critical infomration was Warning information (top panels) and where the critical informaiton was Active Ingredient information (lower panels). Error bars are the standard error of the mean.
A novel strategy to optimize critical information on over the counter labels for older adults

January 2023

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70 Reads

Background and Aims Labels designed to communicate critical information are paramount for the safe and effective use of over‐the‐counter medications; in recognition of this, the content and formatting of over the counter (OTC) labels sold in interstate commerce has been regulated for decades. Yet, available studies suggest that consumers frequently rely on limited information during decision making, failing to access the information required in the Drug Facts Label. This is particularly important for older consumers, who are at greater risk for adverse reactions to medicines. In two experiments we objectively evaluate how novel label designs that employ highlighting and a warning label placed on the package's front impact older consumers' attention to, and use of, critical information. Methods In Experiment 1, 68 OTC patients (65+) engaged with a computer‐based task answering yes/no scenario‐based questions about a drug's appropriateness. In Experiment 2, 63 OTC patients (65+) conducted a forced‐choice task where one of two drugs presented on a computer screen was appropriate for a provided scenario while the other was not. Both tasks required participants to access and use critical label information (i.e., warnings or active ingredients) to respond correctly. Dependent variables analyzed were the proportion of correct responses and time to correct response. Results Highlighting or placing critical information on the front of the package significantly improved response accuracy and time to correct response in Experiment 1 as compared to responses utilizing the standard label. For Experiment 2, participants were faster and more accurate when critical information was highlighted. Conclusions Results provide direct measures of the efficacy of novel labeling strategies. This information is relevant for regulations which dictate label design in ways that enhance ease and safety of use of medications for older adults.



Economic Hardship Predicts Intimate Partner Violence Victimization During Pregnancy

December 2022

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260 Reads

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4 Citations

Psychology of Violence

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with negative physical and mental health consequences for both mothers and infants. Economic hardship is often exacerbated during pregnancy and is associated with increased rates of IPV in nonpregnant samples. However, temporal associations between economic hardship and IPV victimization have not been well-characterized during pregnancy. The present study used data collected at the weekly level to examine whether interindividual and intraindividual variation in economic hardship predicts IPV victimization during pregnancy and whether longitudinal changes in IPV across pregnancy vary based on level of economic hardship. Method: Two hundred ninety-four women reported on weekly experiences of IPV and economic hardship (i.e., food insecurity and other money problems) during Weeks 17–40 of pregnancy. Participants were oversampled for low income and IPV exposure. Binary logistic multilevel models were used to test study hypotheses. Results: Greater economic hardship on average during pregnancy predicted increased odds of IPV victimization. Within-person increases in economic hardship also predicted increased odds of IPV victimization in the same week. Although IPV victimization tended to decrease on average over the course of pregnancy, there was a significant time by economic hardship interaction such that IPV decreased more gradually for women reporting high levels of economic hardship. Conclusions: The present study examined weekly patterns of IPV victimization across pregnancy in a low-income community sample. Results suggest that policies aimed at increasing families’ economic security during the perinatal period may reduce the individual and societal burden of IPV.


Citations (90)


... This study sought to utilize an APIM model using distinguishable dyads; however, this choice was statistically evaluated. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) [36] was performed using multi-level modeling and generalized least squares with correlated errors and restricted maximum likelihood estimation [37]. All predictors were grand-meancentered. ...

Reference:

Sleep Quality, Nutritional Habits, and Physical Activity in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Dyadic Analysis Approach
The Design and Analysis of Data from Dyads and Groups
  • Citing Chapter
  • December 2024

... Research exploring CD in BDP is scarce; current findings suggest that people with BDP have disruptions in auditory and oculomotor CD signalling similar to those with schizophrenia. 15,16 The visuomotor system is ideal for exploring CD signalling. Studies involving human and nonhuman primates have revealed the critical role of the mediodorsal thalamus in relaying CD signals associated with saccadic eye movements. ...

Abnormal Oculomotor Corollary Discharge Signaling as a Trans-diagnostic Mechanism of Psychosis

Schizophrenia Bulletin

... Disadvantageous factors have been shown to play a crucial role in explaining health inequalities in crosssectional research [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Studies on the long-term effects of these factors may shed a different light on the role of these exposures, as first results suggest that material factors are less important if measured repeatedly [26]. ...

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in a cohort of cancer survivors in New Jersey

BMC Cancer

... Relationship Variance measures how uniquely an individual is rating their teammates, and particularly their behavior toward that specific team member. A larger relationship variance would indicate that an individual is rating their teammates based on reasons outside of the team context [36]- [38]. We examine only Rater and Target Variance in this analysis of Capstone teams. ...

Using the social relations model to understand interpersonal perception and behavior.
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2023

... The most well-known of these include the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, which supported the criminalization of IPV and sought to equip victims with resources; the #MeToo movement, which increased awareness of sexual violence victimization; and, most recently, the ongoing advocacy for strengthening state-level antisexual assault statutes in response to Dobbs v. Jackson (2022), where the Supreme Court overturned the constitutional right to abortion (3)(4)(5)(6). Relatively less attention has been paid to the factors that can initiate IPV, such as material hardship or economic stress (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). ...

Economic Hardship Predicts Intimate Partner Violence Victimization During Pregnancy

Psychology of Violence

... In nonclinical samples, one study found that higher perceived stress in the previous month predicted greater premenstrual affective changes (Gollenberg et al., 2010); another found no impact of perceived stress on midluteal affect (v. all other phases) (Guevarra et al., 2023). Despite this evidence suggesting a link between stressor exposure and MCAC, particularly in clinical samples, small sample sizes and inconsistent, imprecise stress measurement limit these conclusions (Slavich, 2019). ...

Examining a window of vulnerability for affective symptoms in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
  • Citing Article
  • October 2022

Psychoneuroendocrinology

... The second limitation was the omission of studies that were in progress (not completed). One of them was a Facebook intervention targeted at patients with melanoma and their families (randomized controlled trial) as the report on its results was expected to be completed by November 2023 [54]. Therefore, its analysis was not possible, and this review should be updated at a later time. ...

Facebook Intervention for Young Onset Melanoma Survivors and Families: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

JMIR Research Protocols

... Furthermore, self-care practices, encompassing oral hygiene and health-related behaviors, are intrinsically linked to both selfefficacy and overall well-being [16][17][18]. In the context of head and neck cancer, fostering self-efficacy can help patients better manage their oral health and other related issues [19,20]. ...

Self‐efficacy in managing post‐treatment care among oral and oropharyngeal cancer survivors

European Journal of Cancer Care

... To better specify potential relationships, more recent work seeks to examine how changes in women's economic marginality may be related to the risk of criminal recidivism, arrest, and conviction. Morash and Kashy (2022), for example, find that re-offending, measured as subsequent convictions, heightens after periods of increased marginalization, although earlier work further emphasizes the need to contextualize these findings considering legislative decisions that limit women's actual or perceived economic, social, and political security (Morash et al., 2017;Wikstrom, 2004). ...

The Relevance of Women’s Economic Marginalization to Recidivism
  • Citing Article
  • August 2021

Criminal Justice and Behavior

... Positive relationships with parents predict better diabetes management, and patient-centered communication with healthcare providers plays a significant role [25]. Related paper Humanism [3], [6], [8], [13], [15], [22] Psychology [5], [7], [16], [17], [18], [19], [9], [22], [23], [24], [26], [20] Support [5], [7], [11], [15], [16], [21], [24], [25] Communication [3], [5], [6], [7], [10], [13], [15], [17], [18], [19], [21], [25], [26] Study [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [10], [11], [12], [14], [15], [9], [21], [24], [20] Trust [5], [6], [7], [13], [15], [25] Source: Author (2024) The results of this frequency analysis indicate that health topics are the most frequently studied themes in the literature related to interpersonal communication factors, as reflected in references [5], [7], [15] which appear 5 times. This indicates that interpersonal communication plays an important role in the health sector, where critical decisionmaking is often required and depends on effective interactions between health professionals, patients, and families. ...

Opening the Conversation: study protocol for a Phase III trial to evaluate a couple-based intervention to reduce reproductive and sexual distress among young adult breast and gynecologic cancer survivor couples

Trials