Debbie E. McGhee’s research while affiliated with Trinity Washington University and other places

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Publications (3)


Figure 1 Mean latency results of Experiment 1 as a function of participant sex and IAT (gender-potency and gender- warmth). NOTE: IAT = Implicit Association Test. Only latencies for the stereotype-compatible and noncompatible tasks are shown. Practice blocks and single categorization blocks are not included in the figure. Data are collapsed across counterbalanced procedural variables, which did not have significant influences on IAT effects. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals for the participants contributing to each mean (46 men, 57 women).  
Figure 2 Mean latency results of Experiment 2 as a function of participant sex and IAT valence. NOTE: IAT = Implicit Association Test. Only latencies for the stereotype-compatible and noncompatible tasks are shown. Practice blocks and single categorization blocks are not included in the figure. Data are collapsed across counterbalanced procedural variables, which did not have significant influences on IAT effects. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals for the participants contributing to each mean (24 men, 27 women).  
Implicit Self-Concept and Evaluative Implicit Gender Stereotypes: Self and Ingroup Share Desirable Traits
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  • Full-text available

September 2000

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1,213 Reads

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338 Citations

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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Debbie E. Mcghee

Experiment 1 unexpectedly found sex differences in evaluative gender stereotypes (only men associated male with potency, and only women associated female with warmth). Experiment 2 dramatically reduced sex differences in gender-potency judgments when measures were redesigned to avoid implying that potency was positive (the concepts, strong and weak, were represented by evaluatively matched words - e.g., destroy vs. feeble, loud vs. quiet, and mighty vs. gentle). Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that these sex differences were in the service of self-esteem, but found no correlation between own-gender-favorable stereotyping and implicit self-esteem. Rather, subjects showed a correlation between linking self to the favorable potency trait and linking own gender to that trait. Experiment 4 confirmed the correlation between implicit self-concept and gender stereotype using the contrast between potency and warmth for the implicit stereotype measure. In concert, results suggest that people ...

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FIG. 2. Automatic associations (in milliseconds): IAT combinations by Type of stimuli. IAT effect (in milliseconds) (Black pleasant and White unpleasant) minus (White pleasant and Black unpleasant) combinations. Name IAT effect 140 ms (d .93) and Picture IAT effect 81 ms (d .53). The analysis of variance was conducted using log-transformed response latencies. However, untransformed response latencies are presented to help interpretations.
FIG. 3. The relationship between relative recognizability of racial names and automatic associations (IAT effect). The y intercept (i.e., IAT effect) 92 ms; t 2.69, p .009; slope .27, t 2.36, p .02. For name recognizability, larger numbers indicate faster recognition of White compared to Black names. This regression analysis was conducted using log-transformed response latencies. However, untransformed response latencies are presented to facilitate interpretation. Regression line is bounded by 95% confidence intervals.
Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation

May 2000

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682 Reads

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368 Citations

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), recent experiments have demonstrated a strong and automatic positive evaluation of White Americans and a relatively negative evaluation of African Americans. Interpretations of this finding as revealing pro-White attitudes rest critically on tests of alternative interpretations, the most obvious one being perceivers' greater familiarity with stimuli representing White Americans. The reported experiment demonstrated that positive attributes were more strongly associated with White than Black Americans even when (a) pictures of equally unfamiliar Black and White individuals were used as stimuli and (b) differences in stimulus familiarity were statistically controlled. This experiment indicates that automatic race associations captured by the IAT are not compromised by stimulus familiarity, which in turn strengthens the conclusion that the IAT measures automatic evaluative associations.


Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test

June 1998

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3,077 Reads

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10,923 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute. The 2 concepts appear in a 2-choice task (2-choice task (e.g., flower vs. insect names), and the attribute in a 2nd task (e.g., pleasant vs. unpleasant words for an evaluation attribute). When instructions oblige highly associated categories (e.g., flower + pleasant) to share a response key, performance is faster than when less associated categories (e.g., insect & pleasant) share a key. This performance difference implicitly measures differential association of the 2 concepts with the attribute. In 3 experiments, the IAT was sensitive to (a) near-universal evaluative differences (e.g., flower vs. insect), (b) expected individual differences in evaluative associations (Japanese + pleasant vs. Korean + pleasant for Japanese vs. Korean subjects), and (c) consciously disavowed evaluative differences (Black + pleasant vs. White + pleasant for self-described unprejudiced White subjects).

Citations (3)


... In addition, different IAT versions using pictures or words as stimulus material for the target categories have led to different sizes of the IAT effect. Studies usually report larger IAT effects for IATs with only words as stimuli (from now on, we will refer to those as "word IAT") compared with IATs using pictures as stimuli for the target categories and words for the attribute categories (from now on, we will refer to those as "picture-word IAT") (Dasgupta et al., 2000;Foroni & Bel-Bahar, 2010, Exp. 1; but see Nosek et al., 2002, Exp. 1 for a larger effect in a pictureword IAT). ...

Reference:

EXPRESS: Negative or positive left or right? The influence of attribute label position on IAT effects in picture-word IATs and word IATs
Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

... i En psicología experimental, la forma más común de detectar y medir el sesgo implícito es el Test de Asociación Implícita (IAT por sus siglas en inglés, Implicit Association Test). El IAT originalmente se propuso como una prueba de asociación conceptual general Schwartz 1998). La prueba consiste en un estímulo que se presenta en la parte central de la pantalla y dos categorías a cada lado. ...

Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

... El IAT ha sido usado en una variedad de dimensiones. Si bien la mayoría de experimentos han usado categorías raciales (Amodio & Devine, 2006), también se han observado efectos sobre el género (Rudman;McGhee 2001) y el peso corporal (Phelan et al., 2015), entre otras propiedades. A su vez, la psicología experimental ha encontrado disociaciones entre los compromisos evaluativos explícitos y los resultados de la prueba, reforzando la idea de que estos sesgos no constituyen realmente formas implícitas que tienen efectos importantes en nuestro comportamiento. ...

Implicit Self-Concept and Evaluative Implicit Gender Stereotypes: Self and Ingroup Share Desirable Traits

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin