David Pearce's research while affiliated with University College London and other places
What is this page?
This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
Publications (178)
Ivory is big business, and in some parts of Africa elephants have been hunted almost to extinction in the quest for it. The losses to African economies have been catastrophic. Now there is an international ban on the trade and conservation is. the principal goal. This should be a matter for rejoicing, but nothing is quite so simple. The authors of...
In this paper we consider the question, ‘What is the the scope for using results of economic valuation studies in the appraisal and assessment of heritage-related projects and programmes?’ This entails assessing the potential role and scope of ‘value transfer’, which is an approach to economic valuation that uses results of previous valuation studi...
The global environment is inextricably linked to the global economy through the system of trade and the impact of economic activity on environmental assets. The paper sets out the context of North-South transfers, the present emissions of greenhouse gases contributing to the greenhouse effect and the driving forces behind the losses of biodiversity...
Energy taxes designed to control energy consumption, and to assist the achievement of climate change control targets under the Kyoto Protocol, are fairly common in European Union countries. Yet many of these taxes bear little resemblance to the design guidance that is given in economics textbooks. Political economy analysis, in which the interactio...
Environmental protection is now an integral part of public policies, at local, national and global levels. In all instances, the cost and benefits of policies and projects must be carefully weighed using a common monetary measuring rod. Yet, many different categories of benefits and cost must be evaluated, such as health impacts, property damage, e...
The use of groundwater in Bangladesh has in the past been promoted as a means of avoiding waterborne diseases associated with the consumption of untreated surface water. Unfortunately, the recent discovery of high levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater in Bangladesh used for drinking purposes has led one international agency to descri...
The last few years have witnessed important advances in our understanding of time preference and social discounting. In particular, several rationales for the use of time-varying social discount rates have emerged. These rationales range from the ad hoc to the formal, with some founded solely in economic theory while others reflect principles of in...
The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative ‘rapid appraisal’ methodologies for determining the costs and benefits of environmental legislation, the focus being the new Chemicals Policy in the European Union (EU) known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We show that a full and rigorous cost–benefit appraisal...
This manual offers a detailed, up-to-date explanation of how to carry out economic valuation using stated preference techniques. It is relevant for the application of these techniques to all non-market goods and services including air and water quality; provision of public open space; health care that is not sold through private markets; risk reduc...
In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the notion of market creation for the conservation of environmental assets. Market creation establishes a market in the external benefit or cost in question (e.g. biodiversity or pollution reduction) and leaves the relevant parties to adjust their behaviour accordingly. While most attention ha...
Catches of whales show a historically cyclical pattern, with catches declining as stocks of the financially most attractive species fell, but expanding as substitute species were caught. Total combined catch peaked in the early 1960s and fell thereafter to the current regulated levels. While it is widely thought that international whaling agreement...
This paper reports an analysis of a typical case of negative bilateral externality. Each year, Cornish fishing industry profits are reduced by about £100,000 because of the damage by seal populations to caught fish. About 80 individuals belonging to the Cornish Grey Seal population (of about 400 specimens) are killed as a by-catch of trawling. Thus...
The shadow price, or 'social cost', of carbon is an important indicator of the global incremental damage done by emitting greenhouse gases today. Cost--benefit analysis would set the optimal amount of greenhouse-gas-emission reduction at the point where this social cost just equals the incremental cost of controlling emissions. The higher the value...
One of the most controversial areas of economics is the practice of discounting: attaching a lower weight to future costs and benefits than present costs and benefits. Discounting appears to offend notions of sustainable development and the interests of future generations. Recent advances in the theory of discounting hold out strong hope that the â...
The profitability of uncontrolled logging can be a significant obstacle to sustainable forest management, especially in the tropics. Rice et al. [Scientific American 273 (1997) 34] have argued that not only does traditional selective logging provide higher returns but also incurs less damage to forests than sustainable forest management systems tha...
One of the most controversial areas of economics is the practice of discounting: attaching a lower weight to future costs and benefits than present costs and benefits. Discounting appears to offend notions of sustainable development and the interests of future generations. Recent advances in the theory of discounting hold out strong hope that the ‘...
Concern about the rate at which the world's forests are being depleted is wide-spread. Recent international calls for radical efforts to reduce deforestation include the United Nations Inter-governmental Forum on Forests of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, and the World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development. This concern re...
The New Economy of Nature The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. Gretchen C. Daily and Katherine Ellison. Shearwater (Island Press), Washington,
DC, 2002. 270 pp. $25. ISBN 1-55963-945-8.
The authors use a series of case stories to discuss efforts at protecting natural systems through market systems.
ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems are being degraded and lost because of rapid population change and economic incentives that make forest conversion appear more profitable than forest conservation. All ecological functions of forests are also economic functions. Many important forest functions have no markets, and hence, no apparent economic value, justif...
OECD data are used to investigate public and private environmental expenditures and, although they are more complete and consistent than other datasets, they are still poor. This is important in the context of measuring the benefits of environmental protection, when little is really known about its actual costs. Despite these limitations, this stud...
Considering the implications of sustainable national income calculations for the valuation of the environment, 13 essays recommend reforming the UN system with respect to environmental impacts and the depletion of natural resources. Centering on the value of national income as an indicator of general welfare, economists address the place of environ...
This paper looks at the way economic valuation has been integrated into decision-making at (i) the pan-European level, using the European Commission as an example, and (ii) the national level within Europe, using the United Kingdom as an example. The focus is on the use of economic valuation for policy-making purposes. A definition of economic valu...
Libraries and archives are increasingly under pressure to justify the cost of preserving the recorded heritage. This paper addresses the real need to identify and measure the benefits of preservation of the recorded heritage in the UK.
Stated preference techniques are well established in the field of environmental economics, and they are also appr...
This paper provides a survey on studies that analyze the macroeconomic effects of intellectual property rights (IPR). The first part of this paper introduces different patent policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic growth. This part also discusses the distortionary effects and distributional consequences of IPR protection a...
Among the key external effects of fossil fuel contribution are urban air pollution, and changes in global climate. A study of six cities in developing countries, and transition economies estimates the magnitude of these effects, and, examines how various fuels, and pollution sources contribute to health damages, and other environmental costs. The s...
Proper valuation of health impacts in monetary terms is necessary to allocate resources in an efficient manner between projects aimed at health and safety and other possible items of expenditure. Attention has turned to the health effects of air pollution with the publication of empirical studies identifying current ambient levels of air pollution...
If it can be shown that forest land is best retained as forest - where 'best' needs to defined the further issue arises of what kind of forestry is to be preferred.. Here the issue is clouded in terminological confusion because the words used in reference to forestry have come to mean different things to different people. But, in order to focus the...
Revisions to the European Treaty of Union require some form of environmental appraisal – primarily risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis – of regulatory initiatives by the European Commission. A retrospective look at the emergence of environmental appraisal also shows that, while the Commission has made great advances in introducing cost-benefi...
The paper discusses valuation issues in the context of climate change impact estimation. Issues addressed are aggregation of damage costs over diverse regions (particularly equity-weighting), differentiation of per-unit values, willingness to pay versus willingness to accept compensation as a basis for valuation, and accountability for impacts. Num...
The use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in British environmental policy has gone through several stages. Early applications of CBA tended to ignore environmental impacts altogether, leave them for a subsidiary "impact analysis", or provide only a partial monetization of impacts. Currently, CBA is the subject of renewed interest in government departm...
The concept of 'genuine' saving, the net saving rate in a national accounting framework encompassing resource depletion and environmental degradation, is extended to include technological change, resource imports, and critical natural capital in the form of rainforests. In all cases, measuring negative rates of genuine saving on the optimal path im...
Economics is about choice. In a world where resources are finite relative to the demands that human beings make on them, choice is unavoidable. We cannot have everything. Choosing is the same as “trading off,” balancing the net gains from one course of action against an alternative action. The action of conserving biological diversity is not immune...
Making choices on the basis of environmental assessment techniques such as life cycle analysis (LCA) requires a valuation of the impacts. A mature approach for doing this is economic valuation in which money values are ascribed to environmental and social costs associated with alternative products, processes or policies. In this chapter economic va...
Economists have made substantial progress both in offering a coherent definition of sustainable development (Solow, 1986, 1992; Pezzey, 1989; Pearce et al., 1994) and its measurement (Pearce and Atkinson, 1993; World Bank, 1997). These studies define sustainable development in terms of some indicator of sustained human wellbeing, and then establish...
Greenhouse gas (GHG) removals by afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are vulnerable to a variety of risks and uncertainties, resulting in the partial or total reversal of such removals. Hence, GHG removals from these sink activities are considered to be of temporary nature...
It is widely understood that many subsidies have the unintended effect of promoting activities associated with environmental degradation. But the sheer size of the implicit subsidies which various sectors receive is often not appreciated. Neither is it realised that the practice of estimating the extent of subsidies is far from straightforward, tha...
One of the major problems with the future development of lifecycle assessment is the difficulty in converting lifecycle inventory
results into environmental impacts, owing to problems associated with the interpretation and weighting of the data. The four
main valuation approaches: distance-to-target, environmental control costs, environmental damag...
The economic value of environmental goods is commonly determined using the concepts of willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to accept (WTA). However, the WTP/WTA observed in different countries (or between individuals) will differ according to socio-economic characteristics, in particular income. This notion of differentiated values for otherwis...
Biodiversity investment priorities are a major concern for funding agencies and parties to the Convention on Biodiversity.
We present a cost-effectiveness index designed to rank global biodiversity investments addressing weaknesses identified in
several existing procedures. First, we explicitly address the issue of cost. Biodiversity conservation c...
Citations
... Most of the early empirical studies used stated-preference methods and revealed preference methods to evaluate the effect of cultural and historical heritage sites on property value. Pearce et al. [52] provides an extensive review of these early studies. Nevertheless, more recent studies have used hedonic pricing models (HPMs) extensively. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272840779890690-1442061719141_Q64/Susana-Mourato.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272592644866080-1442002559951_Q64/Stale-Navrud.jpg)
... The proceedings are published as Corfee-Morlot (1992). For other publications on this in this period, see, for example, Hoel (1991) or Markandya (1991). 16. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272387610509359-1441953675732_Q64/Anil-Markandya.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/279610815205377-1443675821057_Q64/Edward-Barbier-2.jpg)
... The connotations of green development embrace a range of interpretations, principally defined as follows: (1) sustainable development [43][44][45], a grounding notion that aims to harmonize relationships between population, resources, and energy with the objective of facilitating enduring economic development; (2) a green economy [46][47][48], an economic development paradigm that endeavors to improve human wellbeing, enhance social equality, mitigate environmental risks, and alleviate ecological scarcity; ...
... The biggest problem of third-world countries is their large population size (Pearce et al. 2013). Lack of employment opportunities and low productivity in agriculture in rural India, and attraction for higher wages and good services in urban centres led to significant streams of rural-urban migrations. ...
... Relational values generated by fishing, as described in the previous section, can be assessed by stated preferences approaches that are commonly used in the environmental, health, transport, or marketing contexts (Bennett & Blamery, 2001;Bateman et al., 2002;Train, 2002). The contingent valuation method (CVM) has been applied for around 20 years in the field of cultural heritage (Noonan, 2003;Pearce et al., 2002;Provins et al., 2008), with a rapid increase in the use of discrete choice methods in recent years. The latter approach elicits the value of specific attributes of a good, compared to the CVM that attempts to value a policy change affecting the good in its entirety (Stale & Ready, 2002). ...
... Contingent valuation provides a means to gain insight into the personal values assigned to water in monetary terms [29]. It is not a valuation of water itself (the so-called intrinsic value) [30]. Contingent valuation is widely applied to assess the monetary value of irrigation water (see [31][32][33]). ...
... 'Prosocial behaviour' is an umbrella term that describes activities undertaken to benefit other individuals or society as a whole [18], including actions such as volunteer work [19], helpful interventions [20]; blood donation [21] and donating money to those in need [22]. ...
Reference: Psychology of personal data donation
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/291844165521409-1446592479177_Q64/Vivien-Foster.jpg)
... The estimates show that the country incurs millions of Sri Lankan rupees each year in costs due to exposure to pesticides. For a study that shows the true costs of pesticides seePearce and Tinch (1998);Foster et al. (1998). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272557706313734-1441994229123_Q64/Rob-Tinch.jpg)
... Following Bateman (2002), the consumer surplus was calculated as the inverse of the estimated coe cient (1/β i ) shown in Table 6. The Consumer Surplus per visit per person for models 1 and 2 can be seen in Table 7 ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/276897188597764-1443028842628_Q64/Nick-Hanley.jpg)
... The estimates show that the country incurs millions of Sri Lankan rupees each year in costs due to exposure to pesticides. For a study that shows the true costs of pesticides seePearce and Tinch (1998);Foster et al. (1998). ...
