David P. Skoner's research while affiliated with West Virginia University and other places

... First, although most studies did not identify substantial effects of inhaled corticosteroids on linear growth or the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis, investigators and clinicians remain concerned about this potential phenomenon and highlight a need for more prolonged evaluations, particularly at critical times of pediatric growth and development. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Second, proton pump inhibitors have been associated with gastric hyperplasia among those with long-term use, and existing evaluations in children are considered inadequate to rule out this adverse event. [19][20][21] Third, short-term and longer-term evaluations of stimulants have been associated with insomnia, concern for abnormal cognitive development, and impaired growth; quantification of risks are not fully elucidated. ...

... OM is often associated with preceding or concurrent viral upper respiratory tract infection, such as those caused by parainfluenza virus [9], influenza virus [10,11,12], rhinovirus [13], adenovirus [14] and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [9,13]. Infection by upper respiratory tract viruses results in dysregulation of normal Eustachian tube (ET) function via decreased mucociliary action, altered mucus secretion by goblet cells and increased expression of inflammatory mediators of the host [15,16,17], among other mechanisms. ...

... Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment of allergy capable of modulating the inflammatory T cell response, inducing allergen-specific regulatory T cells, and activating B cells to produce allergen-specific IgG blocking antibodies [1][2][3] . To reduce the risk of IgE mediated side effects associated with allergen extracts during AIT [4] , recombinant-based formulations containing hypoallergens have been developed as candidates in the treatment of pollen allergy [5]. Therefore, it is essential to carefully select and standardise these candidate molecules. ...

... The potency of ICS is significantly influenced by receptor affinity. However, a greater receptor affinity is not always an advantage, as this is often correlated with greater toxicity [13]. In conclusion, a higher therapeutic index of ICS (therapeutic index = TD50 (toxic dose)/ED50 (effective dose), as reported for ciclesonide, fluticasone furoate, fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate, is associated with greater potency, drug-target residence time, systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability [12]. ...

... Moreover, several systematic reviews supported the specific use of SLIT in the treatment of AR in children, as well as the EAACI position paper on pediatric rhinitis did. Recent analyses inferred a moderate strength and general evidence that SLIT improves pediatric AR and conjunctivitis, ameliorating symptoms and/or decreasing the drug consumption [12,[91][92][93] . This evidence resulted to be stronger for grass pollen SLIT in the treatment of isolated AR, whereas the evidence for house dust mite SLIT effectiveness is still considered "of moderate-low quality", as resulted from few available randomized controlled trials. ...

... Adenoidectomy is the first-line surgical intervention for younger children with signs of PCRS with success rates ranging between 47% and 58% of cases [86] and revision rates being as low as 1.9% [87]. Adenoids act as a reservoir for bacteria in children with PCRS or might cause anatomic obstruction and thus resecting this tissue improves outcomes [2,88,89]. A study reported significant improvements in symptom severity scores in children with PCRS at six months from the date of undergoing an adenoidectomy [90]. ...

... Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as presence of pruritic wheals, angioedema or both occurring on most days of the week and persisting for at least 6 weeks. 1 Recent evidence suggests that CU in children may be as frequent as in adults with point prevalence estimates of 0.5%-1.5% affecting males and females equally. [2][3][4][5][6] Approximately 20% of CU cases have a proven physical/inducible trigger and are known as chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), 6 while in the remaining cases, hives occur spontaneously and are known as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) (historically referred to as chronic idiopathic urticaria). 7 The clinical manifestations of pruritus, hives and angioedema are direct consequences of mast cell degranulation and release of preformed or newly synthetized inflammatory/ vasoactive mediators (e.g., histamine, platelet-activating factor, cytokines) and neuropeptides. ...