January 2025
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20 Reads
Journal of Criminal Justice
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January 2025
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20 Reads
Journal of Criminal Justice
October 2024
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9 Reads
This Chapter discusses and reviews evidence concerning the relationship between poor health and individuals who engage in criminal behaviour. It meticulously reviews existing evidence, shedding light on the health costs associated with offending. The exploration begins with an examination of current findings, emphasizing the nexus between poor health and individuals involved in criminal activities. The subsequent section navigates through various theoretical perspectives, encompassing criminological and epidemiological theories. These perspectives underscore the significance of understanding the social context and factors contributing to diminished health among those within the criminal justice system. Additionally, the chapter probes the concept of health as a potential driver for criminal behaviour, exploring the notion of reversed causality. Proposing actionable insights, the chapter advocates for correctional and sentencing policies that prioritize the well-being of convicted individuals. It contends that implementing health promotion measures, adopting comprehensive approaches within correctional systems, and considering the broader societal context are essential components of an effective strategy to address poor health. The final segment addresses the policy implications of neglecting the health of convicted individuals. It underscores the escalating costs of incarceration, the potential hindrance to rehabilitation and community reintegration, heightened recidivism risks, and broader implications for public health. In conclusion, the chapter underscores the imperative of acknowledging the interplay between criminal activity and the health of convicted individuals, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to tackle this complex issue.
September 2024
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149 Reads
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2 Citations
Current Research in Behavioral Sciences
July 2024
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20 Reads
Journal of Criminal Psychology
Purpose This study aims to examine whether psychopathic traits are associated with “unsuccessful” life outcomes in a community sample. While it is not easy to define what a successful life is, as it varies by context and developmental stage, there is a consensus in psychological research on what constitutes an unsuccessful life, as measured by the revised Unsuccessful Life Scale. This concept of unsuccessful life encompasses areas such as family and health, alcohol and drug use and work and job satisfaction, which, when compromised, are essential components of an unsuccessful 21st-century life. Design/methodology/approach The study continues the work carried out in the prospective longitudinal Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development by including the offspring ( n = 551 G3 females and males) of the original 411 G2 males. Findings A small proportion of G3 individuals (6.5%, n = 36) were having an unsuccessful life, and 23.3% ( n = 124) of them were exhibiting a high level of psychopathic traits as measured by the PCL:SV. The results suggest that some psychopathic traits are an integral part of an unsuccessful mix. For instance, for both males and females, drug use and physical fights were significantly associated with psychopathic traits. However, there were some differences, where a wider range of unsuccessful outcomes was associated with psychopathic traits in males (e.g. unsatisfactory accommodation) compared to females (e.g. unsatisfactory intimate relationships). Originality/value It seems that the costs of psychopathic traits outweigh the benefits when it comes to success in life. The implications of these findings are discussed.
July 2024
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10 Reads
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1 Citation
Journal of Criminal Justice Education
April 2024
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122 Reads
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3 Citations
Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
This work aims to investigate the role of sequences of risk factors from childhood to young adulthood in predicting subsequent criminal convictions. This study uses the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) dataset, a prospective longitudinal research study that followed 411 males from South London from the age of 8 to 61 years. Temporal sequences of risk factors at ages 8–10, 12–14, and 16–18 were analyzed as predictors of subsequent criminal convictions up to the age of 61. Risk factors related to poverty, parenting problems, and children’s risk-taking predisposition at ages 8–10 emerged as prevalent starting points for the most highly predictive developmental sequences leading to convictions. The risk of a criminal conviction significantly increased if these risk factors were followed by low IQ scores or association with delinquent friends at ages 12–14, and by school and professional problems or drug addiction during late adolescence (ages 16–18). At each developmental stage, specific risk factors intricately combine to form chains of risk during development, subsequently predicting criminal convictions. A trajectory-of-risk-need-responsivity approach that identifies and breaks chains of risk factors that generate and enhance favorable conditions for criminal convictions is discussed.
April 2024
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273 Reads
March 2024
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2 Reads
This chapter briefly highlights the main findings that have been found in quantitative and qualitative research on juvenile offenders in the lesser-studied context of Argentina, taking account of its socio-cultural context. Indeed, crime is a phenomenon that must be understood within the social framework to which it belongs. Additionally, since approaches to intervention must be adjusted according to analyses of within-individual changes we expect that the findings of the present study will provide relevant information for the prevention of recidivism and the promotion of desistance from crime in Argentina and internationally, for many reasons. First, a considerable body of recidivism and desistance research using qualitative methods has been developed in Europe, but very few studies have explored desistance from crime in South America, and particularly in Argentina. Second, the participants of our study consisted entirely of adolescents, which is relevant considering the strong relationship between age and delinquency and later recidivism. Third, the knowledge provided in the present book addressed a gap in the literature by (a) providing quantitative evidence examining to what extent there are differences and similarities in the prediction of criminal recidivism of young offenders in Argentina, compared with studies in other countries; (b) describing the processes of change that are related to individual transformations that lead young offenders to move away from a criminal life and reintegrate into the community, in order to inform future interventions aimed to reduce recidivism and promote desistance in Argentina and internationally and (c) since approaches to intervention must be adjusted according to analyses of within-individual changes, the findings of the present book provide relevant information for the prevention of recidivism and the promotion of desistance from crime in Argentina and internationally.
March 2024
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71 Reads
This chapter reviews knowledge about risk factors for juvenile delinquency and juvenile recidivism. In understanding “how and why individuals exceed normative levels of offending, in terms of the frequency and types of crimes committed, between the expected beginning in childhood and the expected ending during middle adulthood” (Basto-Pereira M, Farrington DP. Br J Criminol 60(2):299. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz037, 2020), the identification of risk factors for offending and later recidivism yields results relevant to derive implications for prevention in criminology. For example, youth who have delinquent peers are considerably more likely to be involved in criminal acts and reoffend. Recent evidence showed that being associated with delinquent friends was an important independent predictor in convictions in adulthood whereas the youths who desisted from crime were more likely to have stopped going around in a group of delinquent friends (Farrington DP, Piquero AR, Jennings WG, Jolliffe D. Offending from childhood to late middle age: Recent results from the Cambridge study in delinquent development, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, 2023). The present chapter presents a brief review of previous research on risk factors for juvenile recidivism, which is rather scarce up to now in Argentina and also internationally, particularly because most previous research has investigated the risk factors for delinquency not for recidivism. Additionally, this chapter provides original evidence by examining the presence of the most important risk factors for recidivism found in young offenders in Argentina, which are explained within the framework of the specific cultural context of Argentina.
March 2024
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24 Reads
Despite the high prevalence of youth offending in Argentina, there are relatively few investigations of the factors that may be associated with it. The identification of these factors may help to inform the development of interventions which could be delivered to young offenders to reduce repeat offending. Considering the great need for further study of juvenile recidivism, in light of the lack of research in the specific cultural context of Argentina, this chapter provides quantitative evidence examining to what extent there are differences and similarities in the prediction of criminal recidivism of young offenders in Argentina, compared with studies in other countries. 65 juvenile recidivists are compared with 59 one-time offenders. Effect sizes were calculated for 24 risk factors for recidivism. Seven groups of risk factors were compared: (a) demographic information, (b) offence history, (c) family factors, (d) educational factors, (e) substance use history, (f) social factors, and (g) community and societal influences. Forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were carried out in order to investigate independent predictors. Our findings could be viewed as a piece of exploratory research in the field. We also expect that the findings of the present chapter will prepare the ground for follow-up research and new studies and interventions aiming to reduce recidivism in the Argentinian context.
... Despite these limitations, the findings of the present study suggest that it is essential for psychologists and psychotherapists to carefully assess the presence of certain personality traits and love styles in their patients, in order to consider the impact of these factors on the relationship domain. This is particularly true when working with problematic couples or individuals who are struggling to establish or maintain a relationship, some of whom may not be aware that they themselves are contributing to these difficulties with their own psychological characteristics [38,40]. It may be useful to adopt an approach that helps individuals become more aware of the love styles that characterise them, while working on aspects of their relational behaviour that could mitigate the effects of socially aversive traits. ...
September 2024
Current Research in Behavioral Sciences
... This result is also consistent with that of Samhitha and Sreedevi (2019). It should be noted that John et al. (1994) found that delinquent boys scored high on Extraversion and low on Conscientiousness, while Jolliffe and Farrington (2022) noted that delinquency research using the Big Five often results in low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism scores. Our middle-of-the-pack result for Openness combined with moderately low Openness scores recorded by Samhitha and Sreedevi (2019) and low Openness scores obtained in a study of Dutch delinquents by Van Dam et al. (2005) appears to be at odds with the extremely high Openness scores obtained by Sumithra and Komalavalli (2022). ...
July 2022
... David Farrington repeatedly emphasised this research strategy. For example, he co-authored a paper that focused on different risk constellations over time that were related to different time-specific outcomes (Basto-Pereira, Farrington, and Maciel 2024). This strategy underlines models of time-specific risks and forms of behavioural problems in the long-term development of anti-social behaviour (Lösel and Bender 2003). ...
April 2024
Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
... These questions require a thorough understanding of costs of a programme and the probability of a successful outcome, but not the cost of crime itself. Of course, as both Farrington and Welsh (2023) and I have argued, the preferred approach is to seek to monetise both benefits and costs to the extent that it is feasible. There are also times when, even though crime costs have been monetised, a proposed policy's effectiveness is simply unknown. ...
March 2023
... The prevention of criminal potential in individuals (Farrington, 2021a) is of enormous importance given the immense human and financial costs to society of criminal behavior (Fagan et al., 2019;Moffitt, 2018). More precisely, what is of paramount importance is the prevention of the development of early-onset life-course-persistent (LCP) chronic offenders, who are almost exclusively male (Eme, 2020;Moffitt, 2006;Moffitt et al ., 2001), in contrast to adolescent-onset offenders, who tend to have criminal careers of short duration (Moffitt, 2018). ...
December 2023
... Some authors object that there is no need to study desistance in the juvenile population, because most juvenile delinquents do not become adult offenders (Moffitt, 1993). However, the process of desistance from crime certainly differs across different periods of the life course (Kazemian & Farrington, 2021). Sampson and Laub (1993) argued that desistance is influenced by social bonding and informal social control, which differ across the life course. ...
December 2023
... Despite known intergenerational links for offending behaviour, the relationship between parent and child ACE exposure remains relatively underexplored, particularly within UK samples and those who are justice-involved (Craig et al., 2023). Parental justice involvement represents a direct ACE for a child while other individual ACE types are criminal acts (e.g. ...
September 2023
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
... A comprehensive description of this study can be found in various books (Farrington et al., 2013(Farrington et al., , 2023Piquero et al., 2007;West, 1969West, , 1982West & Farrington, 1973, 1977 and articles (Farrington, 1995(Farrington, , 2003(Farrington, , 2019a(Farrington, , 2021Farrington et al. 2009;Farrington & Jolliffe, 2022;Farrington et al., 2021;Farrington & West, 1981). In addition, comprehensive details on all the measures are freely available online in Farrington (1999) for consultation. ...
August 2021
... Zenbakia ISSN: 2530-1969 bullies and bully-victims, whereas gender differences are less pronounced among victims (Cosma et al., 2022). Age has also been a focus of research, with findings showing that the prevalence of cyberbullying increases from childhood to mid-adolescence and decreases thereafter (Zych & Farrington, 2021). ...
October 2021
... In an attempt to prevent/reduce these adverse effects on victims, anti-bullying interventions have been implemented in schools worldwide to reduce the frequency of bullying among students (Smith, 2019). These interventions have had some, if limited, positive impact on the prevalence of bullies and victims in school classes (Gaffney & Farrington, 2021). It has therefore been assumed that reducing the level of victimisation in schools will result in a general increase in the health, social and psychological well-being of everyone. ...
October 2021