David B. Henry’s research while affiliated with University of Illinois Chicago and other places

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Publications (15)


Family Support and Connection Groups: Long-Term Benefits for Inner-City Children?
  • Article

October 2019

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66 Reads

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5 Citations

Prevention Science

Patrick Tolan

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Deborah Gorman-Smith

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David Henry

Relatively few prevention trials have had long-term follow-up to determine if immediate impact translates to and explains long-term impact. The present report summarizes the long-term influence (measured when students are near the end of high school) of the SAFEChildren preventive intervention, which was applied during first grade. This program aims to facilitate and support developmental management, school-family connection, and social support among neigbhors through family groups and student tutoring and is focused on familes raising children in inner-city neighborhoods. Of the 424 families randomly assigned prior to first grade to intervention or no-intervention control, outcome data on at least one outcome was obtained for 375 (88.4%). Results indicate no long-term direct effects and a single mediated effect, with those in the intervention less likely to engage in risky sexual practices. Similar but non-significant trends were found for alcohol use and violence. These mixed results may suggest that family focused intervention that is relatively brief is not adequate to protect against multiple and ongoing developmental risk that arises in such communities. The limited impact is discussed in light of the uncertainty of subsequent condition on initial preventive benefits and the developmental ecology of the inner city. Implications for preventive intervention programming and for long-term evaluation are also addressed.


of the Entire Sample Exposed to Different Types of Violence Summed Over Waves 2 Through 4 
Examining the Pathologic Adaptation Model of Community Violence Exposure in Male Adolescents of Color
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 2017

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233 Reads

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45 Citations

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[...]

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Patrick H. Tolan

The current study examined a model of desensitization to community violence exposure—the pathologic adaptation model—in male adolescents of color. The current study included 285 African American (61%) and Latino (39%) male adolescents (W1 M age = 12.41) from the Chicago Youth Development Study to examine the longitudinal associations between community violence exposure, depressive symptoms, and violent behavior. Consistent with the pathologic adaptation model, results indicated a linear, positive association between community violence exposure in middle adolescence and violent behavior in late adolescence, as well as a curvilinear association between community violence exposure in middle adolescence and depressive symptoms in late adolescence, suggesting emotional desensitization. Further, these effects were specific to cognitive-affective symptoms of depression and not somatic symptoms. Emotional desensitization outcomes, as assessed by depressive symptoms, can occur in male adolescents of color exposed to community violence and these effects extend from middle adolescence to late adolescence.

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Examining Patterns of Exposure to Family Violence in Preschool Children: A Latent Class Approach

November 2016

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72 Reads

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24 Citations

Journal of Traumatic Stress

Young children can experience violence directly or indirectly in the home, with some children exposed to multiple forms of violence. These polyvictims often experience violence that is severe, chronic, and multifaceted. The current study used latent class analysis to identify and examine the pattern of profiles of exposure to family violence (i.e., violence directed towards the child and between caregivers) among a sample of 474 children ages 3–6 year who were drawn from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (Wakschlag et al., 2014). The data yielded 3 classes: a polyvictimized class (n = 72; 15.2%) with high probability of exposure to all forms of violence, a harsh parenting class (n = 235; 49.5%), distinguished mainly by child-directed physical discipline in the absence of more severe forms of violence, and a low-exposure class (n = 167; 35.2%). Classes were differentiated by contextual factors, maternal characteristics, and mother-reported and observational indicators of parenting and child functioning with most effect sizes between medium and large. These findings add to emerging evidence linking polyvictimization to impaired caregiving and adverse psychological outcomes for children and offer important insight for prevention and intervention for this vulnerable population.


Reciprocal Effects of Positive Future Expectations, Threats to Safety, and Risk Behavior Across Adolescence

September 2016

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126 Reads

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27 Citations

We examined the reciprocal relationships among positive future expectations, expected threats to future safety, depression, and individual substance use and delinquency using 4 waves of data (N = 248–338) from African American and Latino adolescent male participants in the Chicago Youth Development Study. Individual positive future expectations and expected threats to safety were assessed at each wave and modeled as latent constructs. Individual substance use and delinquency were assessed at each wave and represented as ordinal variables ranging from low to high. Categorical autoregressive cross-lagged structural models were used to examine the hypothesized reciprocal relationships between both aspects of future expectations construct and risk behavior across adolescence. Analyses show that future expectations has important effects on youth substance use and involvement in delinquency, both of which in turn decrease positive expectations and increase expectation of threats to future safety across adolescence. Similarly, low positive expectations for the future continued to predict increased substance use and involvement in delinquency. The expected threats to safety construct was significantly correlated with delinquency within time. These effects are observed across adolescence after controlling for youth depression and race. Findings support the reciprocal effects hypothesis of a negative reinforcing cycle in the relationships between future expectations and both substance use and involvement in delinquent behavior across adolescence. The enduring nature of these relationships underscores the importance of future expectation as a potential change mechanism for intervention and prevention efforts to promote healthy development; vulnerable racial and ethnic minority male adolescents may especially benefit from such intervention.


Associations Between Victimization and Adolescents' Self‐Reported Responses to Peer Provocation Are Moderated by Peer‐Reported Aggressiveness

September 2016

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67 Reads

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19 Citations

Journal of Research on Adolescence

Many early adolescents experience peer victimization, but little research has examined how they respond to aggression by peers. Thus, in a large sample of early adolescents (N = 648; M age = 12.96; SD = 0.30; 52.0% female), we examined (1) the associations between peer-reported victimization and self-reported responses to peer provocation, and (2) whether these associations were moderated by peer-reported aggression. In particular, we predicted that the reported use of assertion, a strategy generally viewed as socially skillful, would be associated with less victimization, but only for youth low on peer-reported aggression. Results were consistent with this hypothesis. Moreover, seeking adult intervention was associated with greater victimization for youth high on peer-reported aggression. Implications for research and practice are discussed.


Mediators in the randomized trial of Child- and Family-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder

August 2016

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65 Reads

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26 Citations

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Mediation analyses can identify mechanisms of change in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). However, few studies have analyzed mediators of CBT for youth internalizing disorders; only one trial evaluated treatment mechanisms for youth with mixed mood diagnoses. This study evaluated mediators in the randomized trial of Child- and Family-Focused CBT (CFF-CBT) versus Treatment As Usual (TAU) for pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), adjunctive to pharmacotherapy. Sixty-nine children ages 7-13 with PBD were randomly assigned to CFF-CBT or TAU. Primary outcomes (child mood, functioning) and candidate mediators (family functioning, parent/child coping) were assessed at baseline and 4-, 8-, 12- (post-treatment), and 39-weeks (follow-up). Compared with TAU, children receiving CFF-CBT exhibited greater improvement in mania, depression, and global functioning. Several parent and family factors significantly improved in response to CFF-CBT versus TAU, and were associated with the CFF-CBT treatment effect. Specifically, parenting skills and coping, family flexibility, and family positive reframing showed promise as mediators of child mood symptoms and global functioning. Main or mediating effects for youth coping were not significant. CFF-CBT may impact children's mood and functioning by improving parenting skills and coping, family flexibility, and family positive reframing. Findings highlight the importance of parent coping and family functioning in the treatment of PBD.


Wave 1 two factor solution future expectations measurement model obtained with the observed data. Chi square = 25.37, df = 13, p = 0.21
Assessing Future Expectations of Low-Income Minority Young Men: Survival-Threats and Positive Expectations

July 2016

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101 Reads

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11 Citations

Future expectations, a subset of overall orientation, represent youths’ most realistic appraisals of future outcomes, and has been demonstrated to be associated with a range of health risk behaviors and wellbeing. The current study extends previous measurement efforts to operationalize and measure future expectations by estimating a multidimensional model of future expectations encompassing both positive and survival-based expectations, and using longitudinal data to test the consistency of these constructs over time. The current work uses data from six waves of the Chicago Youth Development Study (n=338), a sample of African American and Latino young men from low income neighborhoods in an urban center, to test a hypothesized multidimensional structure of future expectations across adolescence. Test retest confirmatory factor analyses from six waves of data covering the mean age range of 12 to 19 years reveal good model fit for the hypothesized multidimensional model of future expectations at each wave. Strong measurement invariance based on race/ethnicity is established for the multidimensional model. Implications for a latent construct approach to future expectations with low-income racial/ethnic minority young men are discussed.


A Cluster Analytic Approach to Identifying Predictors and Moderators of Psychosocial Treatment for Bipolar Depression: Results from STEP-BD

May 2016

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66 Reads

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12 Citations

Journal of Affective Disorders

Background: We sought to address how predictors and moderators of psychotherapy for bipolar depression - identified individually in prior analyses - can inform the development of a metric for prospectively classifying treatment outcome in intensive psychotherapy (IP) versus collaborative care (CC) adjunctive to pharmacotherapy in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program (STEP-BD) study. Methods: We conducted post-hoc analyses on 135 STEP-BD participants using cluster analysis to identify subsets of participants with similar clinical profiles and investigated this combined metric as a moderator and predictor of response to IP. We used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyses and k-means clustering to determine the content of the clinical profiles. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate whether the resulting clusters predicted or moderated likelihood of recovery or time until recovery. Results: The cluster analysis yielded a two-cluster solution: 1) "less-recurrent/severe" and 2) "chronic/recurrent." Rates of recovery in IP were similar for less-recurrent/severe and chronic/recurrent participants. Less-recurrent/severe patients were more likely than chronic/recurrent patients to achieve recovery in CC (p=.040, OR=4.56). IP yielded a faster recovery for chronic/recurrent participants, whereas CC led to recovery sooner in the less-recurrent/severe cluster (p=.034, OR=2.62). Limitations: Cluster analyses require list-wise deletion of cases with missing data so we were unable to conduct analyses on all STEP-BD participants. Conclusions: A well-powered, parametric approach can distinguish patients based on illness history and provide clinicians with symptom profiles of patients that confer differential prognosis in CC vs. IP.


Trajectories of Functioning Into Emerging Adulthood Following Treatment for Adolescent Depression

November 2015

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60 Reads

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29 Citations

Journal of Adolescent Health

Purpose: It is well established that empirically supported treatments reduce depressive symptoms for most adolescents; however, it is not yet known whether these interventions lead to sustained improvements in global functioning. The goal of this study is to assess the clinical characteristics and trajectories of long-term psychosocial functioning among emerging adults who have experienced adolescent-onset major depressive disorder. Methods: Global functioning was assessed using the Clinical Global Assessment Scale for children (participants ≤18 years), the Global Assessment of Functioning (participants ≥ 19 years) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Adolescents among 196 adolescents who elected to complete 3.5 years of naturalistic follow-up subsequent to their participation in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study. The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study examined the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy, fluoxetine, and the combination of cognitive behavior therapy and fluoxetine (combination treatment) over the course of 36 weeks. Mixed-effects regression models were used to identify trajectories and clinical predictors of functioning over the naturalistic follow-up. Results: Global functioning and achievement of developmental milestones (college, employment) improved over the course of follow-up for most adolescents. Depressive relapse, initial randomization to the placebo group, and the presence of multiple psychiatric comorbidities conferred risk for relatively poorer functioning. Conclusions: Functioning generally improves among most adolescents who have received empirically supported treatments. However, the presence of recurrent major depressive disorder and multiple psychiatric comorbidities is associated with poorer functioning trajectories, offering targets for maintenance treatment or secondary prevention.


FIGURE 1 Linkage disequilibrium structure within the Gene, Environment, Neighborhood Initiative sample for (a) CHRM2, (b) GABRA2, and (c) OPRM1, with individual coefficients reflecting pairwise R 2 values. 
FIGURE 2 Confirmatory factor models used to assess the dimensionality of problem behavior: (Model A) One-factor model, (Model B) Four-factor model, (Model C) Correlated four-factor model, (Model D) Second-order factor model, (Model E) Bifactor model. 
TABLE 2 Fit Statistics for Unconditional Confirmatory Factor Models
TABLE 4 Significant Main Effects of Markers, by Gene and Analysis
TABLE 4 (Continued)
Dimensionality and Genetic Correlates of Problem Behavior in Low-Income African American Adolescents

October 2015

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63 Reads

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5 Citations

Researchers have long observed that problem behaviors tend to cluster together, particularly among adolescents. Epidemiological studies have suggested that this covariation is due, in part, to common genetic influences, and a number of plausible candidates have emerged as targets for investigation. To date, however, genetic association studies of these behaviors have focused mostly on unidimensional models of individual phenotypes within European American samples. Herein, we compared a series of confirmatory factor models to best characterize the structure of problem behavior (alcohol and marijuana use, sexual behavior, and disruptive behavior) within a representative community-based sample of 592 low-income African American adolescents (50.3% female), ages 13 to 18. We further explored the extent to which 3 genes previously implicated for their role in similar behavioral dimensions (CHRM2, GABRA2, and OPRM1) independently accounted for variance within factors specified in the best-fitting model. Supplementary analyses were conducted to derive comparative estimates for the predictive utility of these genes in more traditional unidimensional models. Findings provide initial evidence for a bifactor structure of problem behavior among African American adolescents and highlight novel genetic correlates of specific behavioral dimensions otherwise undetected in an orthogonal syndromal factor. Implications of this approach include increased precision in the assessment of problem behavior, with corresponding increases in the reliability and validity of identified genetic associations. As a corollary, the comparison of primary and supplementary association analyses illustrates the potential for overlooking and/or overinterpreting meaningful genetic effects when failing to adequately account for phenotypic complexity.


Citations (15)


... To the author's knowledge, this article offers a novice perspective on moving toward SEL in JJS, exploring the potential challenges and benefits of such a decision. Considering the high rate of recidivism after release from juvenile confinement facilities and the research gap in effective frameworks, an urgent need exists to explore emerging approaches for justice-involved youth (Bouffard et al., 2017;Tolan et al., 2008). ...

Reference:

Toward Social and Emotional Learning for Justice-Involved Youth: A Conceptual Framework
Mentoring Interventions to Affect Juvenile Delinquency and Associated Problems
  • Citing Article
  • November 2008

... Considering one-to-one mentoring interventions, a broad array has been conducted to re-engage disengaged young people. They are often characterised by the following elements: (1) the establishment of a continuous professional relationship between the mentor and mentee; (2) the mentor has a higher possession of wisdom, knowledge, and experience than the mentee; and (3) the mentee can benefit from the mentor's expertise academically, socially or emotionally (Butler, 2016;Tolan et al., 2013). Typically, their potential benefits have been accepted (e.g. ...

Mentoring Interventions to Affect Juvenile Delinquency and Associated Problems: A Systematic Review

... These abilities should come from the family group, therefore the expression of the attachment style FAMILY CARE PREDICTS SELF-ESTEEM AND DEPRESSED THOUGHTS 3 may be conditioned to the perception of this support, with the literature emphasizing that the way in which care is provided in childhood is able to predict the attachment style. This in turn has important associations with other psychological constructs, such as those related to psychological and psychopathological aspects (Baptista et al, 2017;Couto & Tavares, 2016;National Collaborating Center for Mental Health -NICE, 2015;Widom et al., 2018;Tolan et al., 2020). ...

Family Support and Connection Groups: Long-Term Benefits for Inner-City Children?
  • Citing Article
  • October 2019

Prevention Science

... However, this result somewhat disagrees with more established conclusions in the literature regarding the relationship between economic deprivation and forms of parenting. For instance, according to the study by Grasso et al. (2016), poverty was a more common condition among U.S. children exposed to multiple forms of violence ...

Examining Patterns of Exposure to Family Violence in Preschool Children: A Latent Class Approach
  • Citing Article
  • November 2016

Journal of Traumatic Stress

... For instance, while the initial exposure to NV would elicit a naturally negative emotional response, the desensitization hypothesis argues that repeated exposure would eventually suppress such innate reactions, including emotional distress, physiological arousal and cognitive disapproval (Fanti & Avraamides, 2011;Mrug et al., 2017). The empirical literature has shown support for this hypothesis, demonstrating that chronic NV exposure can lead to an emotional desensitization through a decrease in depressive symptoms (Gaylord-Harden et al., 2017). ...

Examining the Pathologic Adaptation Model of Community Violence Exposure in Male Adolescents of Color

... Similarly, exposure to violence among youth will entail the construction and learning of basic patterns of thoughts and attitudes (see Table 2) based on their role in the face of violent behaviors, where both victimization (Benedini et al., 2016;Turner et al., 2016) and the tyrannical behaviors of the violent (Dirks et al., 2017) are sources of significant and long-lasting socioemotional disturbances (Daignault et al., 2023;Fagan et al., 2014). ...

Associations Between Victimization and Adolescents' Self‐Reported Responses to Peer Provocation Are Moderated by Peer‐Reported Aggressiveness
  • Citing Article
  • September 2016

Journal of Research on Adolescence

... Additionally, researchers focused on three dimensions of future orientation; children's perception of time, planning behavior, and socialization process of future orientation (Zaleski, 1994). Another study finding reveals that optimistic adolescents may more easily engage in problematic behaviors even though these behaviors may contradict their future goals (Prince et al., 2019). Developing coping strategies (DCS) has been identified as crucial for adolescents to maintain a positive outlook on the future. ...

Reciprocal Effects of Positive Future Expectations, Threats to Safety, and Risk Behavior Across Adolescence
  • Citing Article
  • September 2016

... Lastly, psychological interventions have shown promising results in the treatment of BD in adolescents, 56 including family-focused therapy (FFT), which reduced the duration of depressive symptoms when in combination with treatment as usual (pharmacotherapy with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and adjuvant antidepressants) 57 and child and familyfocused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CFF-CBT), which was associated with an improvement in mood symptoms and functionality compared to treatment as usual. 58 Given these findings and taking into account guideline recommendations to consider psychological interventions for adolescents with psychotic depression, further research into psychological interventions for this specific population is needed. ...

Mediators in the randomized trial of Child- and Family-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder
  • Citing Article
  • August 2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

... Dimensionality reduction approaches include principal components analysis and exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis. Worked examples of clustering approaches that can inform psychotherapy treatment selection can be seen for latent profile analysis (Saunders et al., 2016), latent variable mixture modeling (Saunders et al., 2020), and agglomerative hierarchical and k-means cluster analysis (Deckersbach et al., 2016). ...

A Cluster Analytic Approach to Identifying Predictors and Moderators of Psychosocial Treatment for Bipolar Depression: Results from STEP-BD
  • Citing Article
  • May 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

... Higher levels of future orientation has been found to be linked to lower rates of selfreported delinquency (So et al., 2016), and future orientation moderates the relationship between exposure to community violence and delinquent behaviors (So et al., 2015). Those with high positive future expectations were less likely to engage in delinquent behaviors and had lower levels of offending (Prince et al., 2016;Craig, 2019), while those with lower levels of future orientation had significantly higher levels of risky and deviant behaviors (Robbins & Bryan, 2004). Thus, positive future orientation may protect youth from risky and delinquent behavior by directing them to more positive and adaptive behaviors that will assist them in achieving their future goals. ...

Assessing Future Expectations of Low-Income Minority Young Men: Survival-Threats and Positive Expectations