David A. Kaminsky’s research while affiliated with Johns Hopkins University and other places

... [14] It should be noted that the leading authors of the ERS/ATS technical standard recently clarified that for assessing severity of airflow obstruction (low FEV1/FVC), FEV1 z-score should be used with a z-score >-2.5 indicating mild obstruction. [15] We used a cluster of functional and sensory outcomes to judge the severity of functional impairment consistently associated with negative outcomes in COPD, including activityrelated breathlessness and reduced physical activity (reviewed in [8]). They were compared with normative values developed in our laboratory, which carefully considered the predations of age in both sexes. ...

Reference:

The 2022 ERS/ATS z-score classification to grade airflow obstruction: relationship with exercise outcomes across the spectrum of COPD severity

... Oscillometry is a non-invasive measurement of respiratory impedance that is sensitive to physiology of small airways, a region of the lung not well characterized by conventional pulmonary function tests (cPFT). Commonly investigated oscillometry parameters include the difference between resistance at 5 Hz and 19 or 20 Hz (R [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or R [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], which increases with rising small airway resistance and ventilatory inhomogeneity; reactance at 5 Hz (X 5 ), a value which becomes more negative with increased lung stiffness and loss of elastic recoil; and area of reactance (AX), an integrated area of reactance between X 5 and the resonant frequency (Fres), the frequency at which the reactance curve crosses zero. AX provides a potentially more sensitive indication of changes in the elastic properties of the lung than the single-frequency value X 5 , as it provides a measure of reactance at a range of frequencies (10). ...

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Effects of donor smoking history on early post-transplant lung function measured by oscillometry

... One hundred and seventy-seven patients were registered at our were conducted in accordance with predetermined guidelines and acceptability and repeatability criteria (Bhakta et al., 2023;Graham et al., 2019). Values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC ratio, total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) were conducted as raw values and percentage of predicted in accordance with established reference equations (Quanjer et al., 1993). ...

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Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis

... The conductive part, which includes the nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, serves as the pathway for air to enter and leave the lungs. The respiratory part, located within the lungs, begins with the respiratory bronchiole and branches into alveolar ducts and sacs, culminating in the alveoli, where the vital gas exchange process of breathing takes place (16)(17)(18). ...

Reference:

Histological Scoring Systems for the Assessment of the Degree of Lung Injury in Rats

... Spirometry confirms the diagnosis of COPD by recording a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) less than 70% [4]. However, there are subjects with a FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7 ratio after bronchodilator, but with physiological alterations such as altered FEV1 (low or rapidly declining FEV1), lung hyperinflation, or gas trapping [5,6]. All these changes place patients in the "Pre-COPD" stage and require changing modifiable factors such as smoking cessation and cessation of exposure to respiratory emissions [7][8][9]. ...

Reference:

Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

... At the heart of this discourse around implementation may reflect the lack of adequate diversity underlying the cohort for GLI with points and counterpoints raised in the literature. 5,6 In comparison to the racefree 2021 CKD-EPI equation and recently announced PREVENT (Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs) 7 calculator, the GLI has a limitation the other two do not: they did not require weighting of cohorts grouped by "race," because they are considered adequately diverse, whereas GLI is not. ...

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Reply to: [Letter to the Editor]

... 43 The perception that the majority of service users attending PR were White British is consistent with the UK National Respiratory Audit Programme's (NRAP) report that 82.5% of service users attending PR are White British 32 ; though this report includes data on people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is predominantly diagnosed in White British individuals 44 and underdiagnosed in ethnic minority groups. 45,46 There is a reported underdiagnosis of respiratory diseases among non-White individuals due to race adjustment equations in pulmonary function tests 47,48 and access to healthcare. 45,46 In one study in London (UK), the prevalence of diagnosed COPD was 1.55% in White individuals, 0.78% in Asian individuals and 0.58% in Black individuals 44 which may present a barrier to referral to PR. ...

Reference:

Pulmonary rehabilitation healthcare professionals understanding and experiences of the protected characteristics of service users: A qualitative analysis

... Additionally, a multi-society expert panel reviewing the evidence supporting the use of race-and ethnicity-based reference equations, the implications of their use or non-use, and the identification of research gaps and questions also supports this conclusion. 18 In the past, race-specific algorithms were presumed to enhance accuracy, but recent research has challenged this perception. ...

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Race Adjustment of Pulmonary Function Tests in the Diagnosis and Management of COPD: A Scoping Review

... Obesity has a notable impact on the development and progression of asthma, acting as a significant disease modifier for the condition. Individuals with obesity often experience worse control of their asthma and more severe symptoms compared to lean individuals with asthma [6][7][8][9]; this is especially true in females [7,10]. ...

Reference:

Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison?

... Under normal conditions, FEV1Q decreases by approximately one unit every 18 years, but this rate accelerates to around one unit every 10 years for smokers and the elderly [8]. Changes in FEV1Q levels may signal a sudden decline in lung function, making it a valuable alternative for assessing significant changes in adults over time [8][9][10]. Notably, it does not specify the threshold that defines the minimal clinically significant difference in FEV1Q measurements [9]. ...

Reference:

Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second Quotient (FEV1Q) as a Prognostic Factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Comparing Its Predictive Value to Other Lung Function Measurements