DL WANN's research while affiliated with Murray State University and other places

... This line of research has mainly focused on the reactions of adults whose sense of inclusion by a group is lowered or threatened (e.g., people who are on the margins of a group or are excluded by the group). Adults in such situations often respond with relatively pronounced ingroup favoritism (Noel et al., 1995;Jetten et al., 2002;Williams et al., 2003;Vignoles and Moncaster, 2007), ingroup loyalty (Gómez et al., 2011), nonconscious mimicry of ingroup members (Lakin et al., 2008), ethnocentrism (Greitemeyer, 2012), and fundamentalist beliefs that are endorsed by the ingroup (Schaafsma and Williams, 2012). For example, in one study, peripheral group members (who presumably felt a need to assimilate) showed greater distinction in their attitudes toward their ingroup versus outgroup members than core group members (Noel et al., 1995), suggesting that threats to group inclusion motivate ingroup favoritism as a means of re-establishing belonging. ...