DI-YING HUANG’s research while affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences and other places
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The Juglandaceae family experienced significant diversification during the early Tertiary, as evidenced by fossil records showing a broad expansion of both extant and extinct taxa. The genus Pterocarya is characterized by its distinctive fruit with butterfly-shaped wings and a small nutlet. Macrofossil records suggest that this genus was distributed widely in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the fossil record of Pterocarya in China is limited. In this study, we describe a well-preserved Pterocarya fossil winged fruit from the middle-upper member of the Niubao Formation (the upper Eocene) of the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. The winged fruit is identified as Pterocarya liae sp. nov. based on detailed morphological comparison, representing the earliest known record of Pterocarya winged fruit in Asia. The new finding extends the paleobiogeographic distribution of Pterocarya during the Eocene and provides new insights into the early stage of the diversification of this genus.
A new species of millipede from the family Heterochordeumatidae, Heterochordeuma liae sp. nov., is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber. The detailed morphological characteristics of this species are provided based on the examination of 14 specimens, primarily utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy. This new species can be confidently assigned to the extant genus Heterochordeuma due to its extended and polydesmidan-like paranota, 32 body rings in male and distinctive curved anterior gonopods, modified coxites 9, and leg-pair 10. A comprehensive comparison with extant species is also presented.
This special issue of Mesozoic is dedicated to the memory of a great specialist in carbonate sedimentology, Dr Juan Li, who passed away on July 19th, 2023. Juan Li sadly left us while logging the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) interval in the Tibetan Himalaya. This special issue has collected contributions to Mesozoic–Cenozoic geological studies from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from colleagues, friends, and fellow scientists to express our remembrance and regret.
The Duoni Formation is widely distributed along the Bangong-Nujiang suture belt and surrounding blocks in Tibet, serving as a key sedimentary record of the collision between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks. The upper sections of the formation typically contain andesite, volcanic rocks and tuff offering potential for precise stratigraphic correlations across the suture belt. The Duoni Formation in the central and western belt has been well-constrained geochronologically through zircon U-Pb dating; however, the insufficient age constraints on Duoni Formation in eastern Tibet hinder effective stratigraphic correlation and limit the understanding of the timing of this collision. Building on prior stratigraphic and paleontological studies, we collected three tuff samples from the upper Duoni Formation at the Wada coal mine section in Basu County, eastern Tibet. Zircon U-Pb dating was used to determine the age of the Duoni Formation, yielding results of 112.8 ± 1.0 Ma for sample XZ01, 111.48 ± 0.37 Ma for sample XZ03, and 110.95 ± 0.41 Ma for sample XZ05. These absolute ages correspond with early Albian and are generally consistent with those absolute ages from the central and western suture belt. Our study therefore suggests the similar timing for the Qiangtang-Lhasa collision across the whole Bangong-Nujiang belt.
Mesomegaloprepus liea sp. nov., the third species of the family Mesomegaloprepidae, is described from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. To date, this family is only known from the Cretaceous Burma paleo-island (also referred to as the Burmese terrane), although it probably originated in the Gondwana continent during the early Cretaceous. It possibly knew a phenomenon of endemism diversification.
Mesopsychids, a long-proboscid mecopteran group, are presumably associated with the pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms. Despite over 100 years of study on the genus Mesopsyche, only isolated wings have been discovered. Mesopsyche is now redefined as a monotypic genus with only one species, Mesopsyche triareolata. The other species previously classified within Mesopsyche are have been assigned to the newly established genus Turbidapsyche Lian & Huang, gen. nov., distinguished by its three-branched Sc, in contrast to the numerous Sc branches of Mesopsyche. Herein, we present descriptions and illustrations of new material from the middle part (late Ladinian) of the Middle–Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation. We assigned these specimens to the newly erected genus, Turbidapsyche Lian & Huang, gen. nov. Turbidapsyche tongchuanensis (Hong, 2007) comb. nov., the first reported Turbidapsyche (Mesopsyche) from the Tongchuan entomofauna, is revised based on a new specimen. Additionally, we erecte three new species of Turbidapsyche Lian & Huang, gen. nov. based on their wing size, shape, and especially the coloured patterns. Turbidapsyche orientalis Lian & Huang, gen. et sp. nov. is characterised by the distinctly shrunken wing base and dense coloured markings along anterior wing. Turbidapsyche sparsanota Lian & Huang, gen. et sp. nov. is distinguished by its relatively larger wing size and sparse coloured spots situated at the forks, crossveins, and apical longitudinal veins. Turbidapsyche hongi Lian & Huang, gen. et sp. nov. is characterised by a relatively small wing size and sparser striped coloured markings. Although hindwings of Turbidapsyche Lian & Huang, gen. nov. are described and illustrated, they are not assigned to any species. Species of both Mesopsyche and Turbidapsyche are discussed in detail. The wing coloured patterns of Turbidapsyche exhibit regional differentiation, with numerous coloured spots or spots fused into striped coloured markings observed in China, transparency in Kyrgyzstan, and full pigmentation in Ukraine. Based on previous palaeomagnetic research conducted in Tongchuan area, we derive a palaeolatitude of 21° in the Middle Triassic. Turbidapsyche was distributed along the northern Palaeotethys, near a similar palaeolatitude, suggesting it inhabited comparable climates and perhaps had specific ecological requirements or limited dispersal capabilities.
The magmatic events in the Lower Yangtze River Belt could be divided into four stages: 148–133 Ma, 131–127 Ma, 127–121 Ma, and 109–100 Ma. The final episode is represented by the intrusions in the Ningzhen area, however no contemporaneous volcanic rocks have been reported. In this study, we present an integrated analysis of petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, and whole rock major-trace elements for newly identified volcanic rocks in the Beixiangshan area. Zircon U-Pb dating yields an eruption age of 106.3 ± 0.4 Ma, indicating that these rocks likely belong to the lower part of the Pukou Formation. The volcanic rocks exhibit arc-like geochemical features, distinct from those of the intrusions in the Ningzhen area. The volcanic rocks may be formed during a tectonic transition phase from compression to extension, due to the direction changes of plate convergence. The widespread angular unconformity around the volcanic rocks may represent episode C of the Yanshanian tectonic event, based on the dating work on volcanic rocks, its minimum age should be ca. 106 Ma.
Amber in China is predominantly found from the Cenozoic era, with the oldest-known amber originating from the Middle Triassic Qingyan biota in Guiyang, Guizhou. Chinese Cretaceous amber has been known from Xixia and Neixiang (Henan Province), Guangzhou (Guangdong Province), and the Buir Lake area (Inner Mongolia). Some previous studies have suggested that the amber found at the base of the Yimin Formation in the Yimin Coal Mine in the Hailar Basin (130.9 ± 2.8 Ma, as constrained by detrital zircon U-Pb dating in the original paper) represents the oldest known amber in China at that time. In this paper, detrital zircon U-Pb dating was conducted on the clastic rocks from the Damoguaihe Formation of the Zhalainuoer Coal Mine, Hailar Basin to contest the age of the Buir Lake amber. Our results suggest that the upper part of the Damoguaihe Formation was deposited earlier than 116 Ma (late Aptian), consistent with biostratigraphy and isotopic chronology. Therefore, the age of the amber-bearing Damoguaihe Formation in Hailar Basin should be slightly older than 116 Ma. Amber from the Yimin Formation was discovered from two layers, with the lower layer (the first coal seam) likely near the Aptian–Albian boundary and the upper layer slightly later than 111.7 Ma. Our analyses further confirm that Buir Lake ambers are from the upper Lower Cretaceous Damoguaihe Formation and Yimin Formation, dating to the Aptian–Albian.
A new species of the extant staphylinid genus Vicelva Moore & Legner, V. rasilis sp. nov., is reported from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Vicelva rasilis is distinguishable from extant members of Vicelva by the smoother dorsal surface of head, pronotum and elytra, less prominent median projection of clypeus, unnotched mesal edge of mandibles, semiglabrous antennomere 6, and longer tarsomere 1. The pollen‐containing coprolite attached to the beetle and the crystals within the beetle body provide valuable information about the biology and taphonomy of the fossil.
The extinct planthopper family Mimarachnidae is widely known in the Cretaceous of Eurasia. Two new specimens of the monotypic genus Mimaeurypterus Fu & Huang, 2021, from the early Upper Cretaceous of northern Myanmar are described. The intraspecific variation is assessed, and the description supplemented morphology of the head, pronotum, legs, and abdomen is provided. The flattened pronotum and broad forewings are interpreted as adaptations for the reduction of shadows at body margins, thus blurring the body outline of the insect and facilitating crypsis.
... along with some undescribed specimens. Currently, this family comprises 15 described genera and 24 species, in addition to some undescribed specimens or newly discovered material (Liu et al., 2023;Fabrikant et al., 2024). In Mimarachnidae, the primary distinctive features include simplified longitudinal veins interconnected by veinlets, forming irregular grid-like patterns, and the presence of dual median longitudinal carinas on both the pronotum and mesonotum. ...
... Bioinclusions are quite frequent in Lebanese amber, with arthropods-particularly insects-found in every 25 to 30 pieces in the fossiliferous localities, often well preserved for scientific study [79]. A total of 19 orders and no less than 270 species of insects have been recorded to date, entrapped either individually or as aggregations [79,[82][83][84][85][86][87]. In addition, Lebanese amber was formed along with the rise and radiation of angiosperms, which correlates to the origin of multiple modern families of insects [4]. ...
... The handsome fungus beetles, Endomychidae sensu lato (Shockley et al., 2009a;Tomaszewska, 2010;Robertson et al., 2015;Tomaszewska et al., 2023) are a case of a beetle group where fossil species, from Cenozoic and Mesozoic, are being discovered and described at an unprecedented pace (e.g. Kirejtschuk and Nel, 2009;Alekseev and Tomaszewska, 2018;Tomaszewska et al., 2018;Li et al., 2022bLi et al., , 2023Tomaszewska et al., 2022;Arriaga-Varela et al., 2023b). However, the interpretation of the relations of these extinct taxa with modern representatives is very challenging, mostly owing to discrepancies between the results of phylogenetic analyses based on morphological vs. molecular datasets (see Tomaszewska et al., 2023Tomaszewska et al., , 2023. ...
... The morphological data were taken and modified from and extended with the genus Brachyantennum Liu, 2022 (in Zhang et al. 2022) and all remaining genera of the family Empheriidae not included in the previous analysis by : Bcharreglaris Azar and Nel, 2004;Eoempheria Nel et al., 2005;Empherium Hakim et al., 2021;Jerseyempheria Azar et al., 2010;Longiantennum Liang et al., 2022;Paralellopsocus Hakim et al., 2024;Preempheria Baz and Ortuño, 2001;Setoglaris Azar and Nel, 2004;Trichempheria Enderlein, 1911; and the new genus described herein. It is important to note that Hakim et al. (2023) have proposed the synonymisation of the species Latempheria kachinensis under Burmempheria densuschaetae Li et al., 2020, although we opt to consider the two genera as separated in our analyses. We used 39 characters (File S1), coded for the 28 ingroup taxa and the outgroup taxon: Cormopsocus Yoshizawa and Lienhard, 2020 (Table S1). ...
... The discovery represents the earliest Triassic hylicellids from China, shedding light on the diversity of cicadomorphan insects in the Mesozoic. Lian et al. (2023) document a new species of Thaumatomerope (Mecoptera: Thaumatomeropidae) from the Tongchuan biota. Thaumatomeropidae is an enigmatic family previously known exclusively from the Triassic Madygen entomofauna of Kyrgyzstan. ...
... The fidelity of amber preservation of soft tissues and nano-scale structures sheds lights onto the functional morphology, palaeoecology and behaviour of Mesozoic insects (e.g., Cai et al., 2020). Wang et al. (2023) describe a new genus and species of japygids (Diplura) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Kachin amber). The new taxon exhibits distinctive features in abdominal segment X and cerci, providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this ancient and poorly-explored lineage of arthropods. ...
... Huang (2023) This mountainous terrain served as a natural boundary influencing palaeogeography and palaeoclimate between North China and South China. Huang et al. (2023) unveil, for the first time, stem-anisopteran dragonflies from the Yangshuzhuang Formation at the Jiyuan Basin. These fossils exhibit notable affinities with taxa found in the Karatau entomofauna of Kazakhstan. ...
... Despite being less common than insects, non-insect arthropods have also been well known in Burmese amber. Xuan et al. (2023) describe a new protoischnurid fossil within the genus Cretaceoushormiops (Arachnida: Scorpiones) from Burmese amber. This discovery contributes to the understanding of the palaeodiversity and morphological variation of this genus during the Cretaceous period. ...
... Mesozoic insects have been well-known from exceptional faunas such as the Middle-Late Triassic Tongchuan biota (Shaanxi Province, northwestern China; Zheng et al., 2018), the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao biota (Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning provinces, northeastern China; Lin, 1976;Hong, 1983;Huang et al., 2018;Lian et al., 2021), and mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Ross, , 2021(Ross, , 2022(Ross, , 2023. In this issue, Fu & Huang (2023) describe a new genus and species of the extinct cicadomorphan family Hylicellidae (Hemiptera) based on a forewing from the Triassic Tongchuan biota. The discovery represents the earliest Triassic hylicellids from China, shedding light on the diversity of cicadomorphan insects in the Mesozoic. ...
... For example, some Jurassic euestherids from China have been amended and reassigned to the genera Qaidamestheria Wang, 1983; Tianzhuestheria Shen, Li & Chen, 2002;and Triglypta Wang, 1984 [94,192-197], and their taxonomic status and descriptions have been changed. These genera possess punctae, punctae-formed reticulations, and linear arrangements or radial lirae on their growth bands [195,196]. Additionally, our recent studies have identified numerous Triassic "euestherids" that do not actually belong to the genus Euestheria (separate articles on this topic will be published). Euestheria is one of the most common taxa of fossil clam shrimps. ...
