D. Abdulcadir’s research while affiliated with Centro di Riferimento per l'Epidemiologia e la Prevenzione Oncologica in Piemonte and other places

Every woman and every man has the right to live sexual pleasure therefore sexual education should be scientific and correct. Sexologists should give teen-agers some important advices to let them approach sexuality without anxiety respecting themselves and the partner. The orgasm is a normal physiological function of all male and female human beings. Female orgasm is caused by female erectile organs. The female vagina has little sensitivity and distinguishing clitoral from vaginal orgasm is not correct: it has no scientific basis. Male and female orgasm should be a normal phase of the sexual response cycle. That is possible with a correct sexual stimulation, also after the menopause. The male erection is equivalent to the vasocongestion (erection) of the female erectile organs which causes lubrication of the vagina. To define as “complete sexual intercourse” the case in which the orgasm happens in both partners with or without a penetrative vaginal intercourse. To teach boys and girls that during the first sexual experience it is not obligatory to have a vaginal intercourse but it is important to give and to receive pleasure caressing and touching the partner. Sexual virginity doesn’t have to be identified anymore by the hymen and first penetration. Boys and girls should be taught that the size of the male penis is not important to give the partner an orgasm. The contemporary stimulation of the clitoris during vaginal intercourse facilitates the female orgasm. Sexologists should give correct and scientific sexual education to help people having a satisfactory sexual life.

Every woman and every man has the right to live sexual pleasure therefore sexual education should be scientific and correct. Sexologists should give teen-agers some important advices to let them approach sexuality without anxiety respecting themselves and the partner. The orgasm is a normal physiological function of all male and female human beings. Female orgasm is caused by female erectile organs. The female vagina has little sensitivity and distinguishing clitoral from vaginal orgasm is not correct: it has no scientific basis. Male and female orgasm should be a normal phase of the sexual response cycle. That is possible with a correct sexual stimulation, also after the menopause. The male erection is equivalent to the vasocongestion (erection) of the female erectile organs which causes lubrication of the vagina. To define as “complete sexual intercourse” the case in which the orgasm happens in both partners with or without a penetrative vaginal intercourse. To teach boys and girls that during the first sexual experience it is not obligatory to have a vaginal intercourse but it is important to give and to receive pleasure caressing and touching the partner. Sexual virginity doesn’t have to be identified anymore by the hymen and first penetration. Boys and girls should be taught that the size of the male penis is not important to give the partner an orgasm. The contemporary stimulation of the clitoris during vaginal intercourse facilitates the female orgasm. Sexologists should give correct and scientific sexual education to help people having a satisfactory sexual life.

The erection of the male and female erectile organs (male and female penis) consists of three phases: a) latent, b) turgid, c) rigid or muscular. Ischiocavernosum muscles (muscles of erection) are much more developed in male than in female. These muscles are innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve, that originates from Onuf’s nucleus located in the sacral spinal cord. The androgens are responsible of the sexual dimorphism of this nucleus. The tonic contraction of ischiocavernosum muscles during erection is necessary for the rigidity of penis. These muscles, as also the bulbocavernosum muscle (muscle of ejaculation and orgasm), though histologically striated, have a semiautomatic function: ischiocavernosum muscles, together with bulbocavernosum muscle, introduce a continuous involuntary reflected hypertonic contraction during erection. This is necessary not only for the rigidity of the penis, but also for the maintenance of erection. The Kegel exercises allow the contraction of the pubovaginalis (elevator of the prostate in male) and the puborectalis muscles, and of all the perineal muscles and especially of the superficial ones (the most important in sexology): only with these exercises it is possible to train the ischiocavernosum and bulbocavernosum muscles. This training could reduce the post-ejaculatory refractory period that increases in every man with age and could facilitate the erection after a first ejaculation. In elderly men the ejaculation takes place with less strength or without squirting. The Kegel exercises, training bulbocavernosum muscle, are important to prevent and postpose the physiologic reduction of the strength of ejection of the seminal liquid.

Human sexuality depends on a complex interaction of cognitive processes, relational dynamics, and neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms. Between 2000 and 2005, some researches on sexuality of women with FGM/C were conducted in Florence at the Research Center for Preventing and Curing the Complications of FGM/C. These studies focused the anatomical and physiological functioning of sexuality and the action of the culture on the pleasure and orgasm in some groups of healthy FGM/C women. The discourse regarding the possibility of FGM/C women to enjoy sex represents an enigma for Western people and often, the same physicians, sexologists, and psychologists are incredulous regarding these results. The sexual behaviour has a psychosomatic matrix and the “biological and objective body integrate with the phantasmal body”; the emotional area and the sexual imagination are important factors of female sexuality. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emotional and fantastic construction in sexuality of women with FGM compared to western women with intact genitalia. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the semistructured interviewes (software ATLAS.ti) show a different fantastic representation of the sexual dreams/fantasies in the two groups. FGM women show a representation of fables: the vagina is associated with flowers, with a cave where the man sheds water, they visualize their husband's penis which fills their vagina. Western women of the group of control show fetish, sadistic and masochist erotic fantasies.

Introduction FGM/C violates human rights. FGM/C women's sexuality is not well known and often it is neglected. Physicians caring for women with FGM/C have little understanding of the customs, culture, and tradition, and the roles they play in women's sexual experiences. Sexuality must be considered in the context of the environment in which a woman and her partner live. In addition in mutilated women, some fundamental structures for the orgasm have not been excised. Aim The aim of this report is to describe and analyze the results of five investigations on sexual functioning in different groups of cut women. Instruments Semistructured interviews; Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Sample. 5 Groups of women affected by different types of FGM/C, living in the West. A control group of intact women. Results Every group of study reported orgasm, the group investigated with FSFI showed significant differences comparing with an equivalent group of control in Desire, Arousal, Orgasm, Satisfaction with mean scores higher in the group of mutilated women. Conclusion Embryology, anatomy, and physiology of female erectile organs are neglected in specialist textbooks. Cultural influence can change the perception of the pleasure, as well as social acceptance. Every woman has the right to have sexual health and to feel sexual pleasure for full psychophysical well-being. In accordance with other researches, the present study reports that FGM/C women can have the possibility to reach an orgasm. Therefore, FGM/C women with sexual dysfunctions can and must be cured; they have the right to have an appropriate sexual therapy.

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) violates human rights. FGM/C women's sexuality is not well known and often it is neglected by gynecologists, urologists, and sexologists. In mutilated/cut women, some fundamental structures for orgasm have not been excised. The aim of this report is to describe and analyze the results of four investigations on sexual functioning in different groups of cut women. Instruments: semistructured interviews and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Sample: 137 adult women affected by different types of FGM/C; 58 young FGM/C ladies living in the West; 57 infibulated women; 15 infibulated women after the operation of defibulation. The group of 137 women, affected by different types of FGM/C, reported orgasm in almost 86%, always 69.23%; 58 mutilated young women reported orgasm in 91.43%, always 8.57%; after defibulation 14 out of 15 infibulated women reported orgasm; the group of 57 infibulated women investigated with the FSFI questionnaire showed significant differences between group of study and an equivalent group of control in desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction with mean scores higher in the group of mutilated women. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in lubrication and pain. Embryology, anatomy, and physiology of female erectile organs are neglected in specialist textbooks. In infibulated women, some erectile structures fundamental for orgasm have not been excised. Cultural influence can change the perception of pleasure, as well as social acceptance. Every woman has the right to have sexual health and to feel sexual pleasure for full psychophysical well-being of the person. In accordance with other research, the present study reports that FGM/C women can also have the possibility of reaching an orgasm. Therefore, FGM/C women with sexual dysfunctions can and must be cured; they have the right to have an appropriate sexual therapy.