Cyril Piou's research while affiliated with Université de Montpellier and other places
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Publications (95)
Locusts are among the most feared agricultural pests. Spatiotemporal forecasting is a key process in their management. The present review aims to 1) set a common language on the subject; 2) evaluate the current methodologies and 3) identify opportunities to improve forecasting tools. Forecasts can be used to provide reliable predictions on: locust...
Lower plant resistance to herbivores following domestication has been suggested as the main cause for higher feeding damage in crops than in wild progenitors. While herbivore compensatory feeding has also been proposed as a possible mechanism for raised damage in crops with low nutritional quality, predictions regarding the effects of plant domesti...
Phenotypic plasticity in body size is a product of modification of the developmental pathway. Although hatchlings of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, show egg size-dependent plasticity in body size, it remains unclear how embryogenesis during egg development regulates final embryonic body size. To determine the developmental pathway causin...
The study of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, that is of the intertwinning between ecological and evolutionary processes when they occur at comparable time scales, is of growing interest in the current context of global change. However, many eco‐evolutionary studies overlook the role of interindividual interactions, which are hard to predict and yet cent...
Collective motion is one of the most impressive common features of gregarious locusts : once formed, bands and swarms get moving for long distances. It was shown that visual of neighbours plays a key role in maintaining marching behaviour at a local scale. But at a larger scale, mechanisms underlying band cohesion are less understood. It was shown...
Despite growing evidence of spatial dispersal and gene flow between salmonid populations, the implications of connectivity for adaptation, conservation, and management are still poorly appreciated. Here, we explore the influence of a gradient of dispersal rates on portfolio strength and eco-evolutionary dynamics in a simulated population network of...
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a method of biological control of pests and disease vector insects. It includes mass-rearing and release of sterile males of the target species so that wild females mated with sterile males would not produce offspring. An innovative version of this technique, called boosted SIT, relies on the use of sterile mal...
Ecological phenomena operate at different spatial scales and are not uniform across landscapes or through time. One ecological theory that attempts to account for scaling and spatiotemporal variances is hierarchical patch dynamics. It introduces a hierarchical patch network with smaller spatiotemporal scales being nested within larger scales. Howev...
In the first half of the twentieth century, the South American Locust (SAL), Schistocerca cancellata (Serville, 1838), was a major pest of agriculture in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. From 1954–2014, a preventive management program appeared to limit SAL populations, with only small- to moderate-scale treatments required, limite...
The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows density-dependent reproductive trade-off by laying fewer but larger eggs in crowded conditions (gregarious phase) than in isolated conditions (solitarious phase). However, the physiological mechanisms controlling reproductive resource allocation remain unclear. We examined how egg production processes...
At high density, juvenile locusts create marching hopper bands. Understanding the roles of temperature and vegetation on the movement of these bands shall allow to better forecast and control them. Following a hopper band in North Argentina in November 2019, we explored the thermoregulation behaviours of the South American locust, Schistocerca canc...
Significance
In animal societies, social life often generates male mating harassment. How do communal animals manage such conflicts without escalating antagonistic relationships? In the Sahara Desert, we studied the mating system of gregarious-behaving desert locusts, the world’s most destructive locust. Despite being widespread and abundant during...
Under environmental stress, previously hidden additive genetic variation can be unmasked and exposed to selection. The amount of hidden variation is expected to be higher for life history traits, which strongly correlate to individual fitness, than for morphological traits, in which fitness effects are more ambiguous. However, no consensual pattern...
BACKGROUND
Poorly organised risk management system may dysfunction when used. The consequences can be dramatic for those supposed to be protected. Since the 1960s, preventive control strategies, which field officers are the living memory, have been developed to monitor locusts. Preserving their experience of past plagues is consequently essential....
The occurrence of natural root grafts, the union of roots of the same or different trees, is common and shared across tree species. However, their significance for forest ecology remains little understood. While early research suggested negative effects of root grafting with the risk of pathogen transmission, recent evidence supports the hypothesis...
All terrestrial ectotherms are constrained to some degree by their thermal environment and the extent that they can behaviorally buffer variable thermal conditions. New biophysical modelling methods (NicheMapR) allow the calculation of the body temperature of thermoregulating animals anywhere in the world from first principles, but require detailed...
The acceptance and usefulness of simulation models are often limited by the efficiency, transparency, repro-ducibility, and reliability of the modelling process. We address these issues by suggesting that modellers (1) "trace" the iterative modelling process by keeping a modelling notebook corresponding to the laboratory notebooks used by empirical...
The occurrence of natural root grafts, the functional union of roots of the same or different trees 1–3 , is common and shared across tree species ² . However, their significance for forest ecology remains little understood. While early research suggested negative effects of root grafting (i.e. increases the risk of pathogen transmission) 4,5 , rec...
There is a large body of scientific knowledge regarding the desert locust. Funding and political will are urgently needed to continue a sustained monitoring, early detection and prevention system built on local capacity and regional coordination. Further scientific research–and greater mobilization of social sciences–should focus on making these pr...
GB - The Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål, 1775, is a major threat to agriculture. Refining our knowledge on its spatial distribution is a key point for its preventive management. To do so, we used in Chad a method of spatial smoothing of densities upon 7014 survey points (1965-1971 and 1986-2017) of the Desert Locust to develop seasona...
The current outbreak of the Desert Locust has affected much of eastern Africa and has reached as far as Pakistan and India in Asia, generating significant agricultural losses in a region that is already highly unstable economically, politically, and in terms of food security for its human populations. During the last 50 years the management strateg...
Background:
The spatial structure of locust outbreaks is a major aspect of preventive management that relies on where survey teams have to be sent in order to react in time to any upsurge. The concentration of areas propitious to outbreaks has been documented for many species. Areas where preventive management fails to collect information because...
Egg-size adjustment is one of the important plastic life-history traits for animals living in heterogeneous environments. The adaptive investment hypothesis predicts that mothers should increase progeny size according to certain cues predicting adverse future conditions of their offspring. However, reproductive resources are limited, and females ha...
Understanding the origins, conditions, advantages and limitations of cooperation in natural and social systems has motivated many investigations in the biological and social sciences. To investigate individual cooperative behaviour in the face of temporal and spatial heterogeneity of resources we considered a definition of cooperation at the same o...
https://cbi2019.sciencesconf.org/data/pages/livretFINAL_1072022.pdf
Locusts are able to migrate over long distances across areas with different vegetation structures. This work investigates how the spatial arrangement of vegetation might affect locust collective motion. The behavior of groups of third instar Schistocerca gregaria hoppers that had been fed or starved for 24 h was studied experimentally. Food patches...
The Desert Locust is a major pest of crops and pastures. The most effective control strategy remains the preventive one. It aims to prevent invasions/upsurges by early localization and elimination of the primary outbreaking populations at gregarization sites. These sites are scattered in various parts of West, Central and Eastern Africa, the Middle...
The spatial structure of locust outbreaks is a major item of planning and success of locust preventive management strategies. Indeed, preventive management relies on where and when survey teams have to be sent to explore and report the biotope situation and the potential locust population development in order to react in time to any upsurge. The sp...
The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a major pest and well known in its gregarious phase. However, it is not well understood during recession periods, when the solitarious phase populations are discrete. Nonetheless, these populations are at the origin of the invasions when ecological conditions become favo...
The desert locust is an agricultural pest that is able to switch from a harmless solitarious stage during recession periods, to swarms of gregarious individuals that disperse long distances and affect areas from western Africa to India during outbreak periods. Large outbreaks have been recorded through centuries, and the Food and Agriculture Organi...
We study a nonlinear age‐structured model of locust population dynamics with variable time of egg incubation that describes the phase shifting and behavior of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. The model is based on the 2‐compartment system of transport equations with nonlinear density‐dependent fertility rates with time delay in boundary condit...
1.Preventive control of desert locusts is based on monitoring recession areas to detect outbreaks. Remote sensing has been increasingly used in the preventive control strategy. Soil moisture is a major ecological driver of desert locust populations but is still missing in the current imagery toolkit for preventive management. 2.By means of statisti...
This paper presents the the first attempt to include soil moisture information from remote sensing in the tools available to desert locust managers. The soil moisture requirements were first assessed with the users. The main objectives of this paper are: i) to describe and validate the algorithms used to produce a soil moisture dataset at 1 km reso...
Abstract
This paper presents the first attempt to include soil moisture information from remote sensing in the tools available to desert locust managers. The soil moisture requirements were first assessed with the users. The main objectives of this paper are: i) to describe and validate the algorithms used to produce a soil moisture dataset at 1 k...
The use of ants for biological control of insect pests was the first reported case of conservation biological control. Direct and indirect community interactions between ants and pests lead to differential spatial pattern. We investigated spatial interactions between mirids, the major cocoa pest in West Africa and numerically dominant ant species,...
Preventive management of locust plagues works in some cases but still fails frequently. The role of funding institution awareness was suggested as a potential facilitating factor for cyclic locust plagues. We designed a multi-agent system to represent the events of locust plague development and a management system with three levels: funding institu...
Collective movements are found in several taxa and many different scales. Locusts and grasshoppers are known for their formation of groups and collective movement. These groups exhibit self-organized characteristics of typical shapes and density gradients. Three different species-dependent characteristics of group structures can be distinguished in...
Understanding Desert Locust population dynamics is a prerequisite for the implementation of a preventive management strategy against its invasions. The present study aims to describe these dynamics through conducting probability analyses of locust presence in time and space. Historical data from field surveys conducted by management teams in Maurit...
Quantitative genetics experiments aim at understanding and predicting the evolution of phenotypic traits. Running such experiments often bring the same questions: Should I bother with maternal effects? Could I estimate those effects? What is the best crossing scheme to obtain reliable estimates? Can I use molecular markers to spare time in the comp...
The desert locust is an agricultural pest that is able to switch from a harmless solitarious stage during recession periods, to swarms of gregarious individuals that disperse long distances and affect areas from western Africa to India during outbreak periods. Large outbreaks have been recorded through centuries, and the Food and Agriculture Organi...
Locusts are grasshoppers that belong to the Acrididae family, of the Orthoptera order. They constitute one of the biggest threats to global food security. Their swarms can attack hundreds of species of plants and destroy most major crop varieties. Locusts are known to consume the equivalent of their own body weight in green vegetation daily. Beside...
The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a major pest and well known in its gregarious phase. However, it is not well understood during recession periods, when the solitarious phase populations are discrete. Nonetheless, these populations are at the origin of the invasions when ecological conditions become favo...
Previous studies investigated the effect of vegetation on density thresholds of adult Desert Locust gregarization from historical data in Mauritania. We examine here the prediction of locust phase based on adult density and vegetation conditions using the statistical model from Cisse et al. compared with actual behavior of Desert Locust adults obse...
In insects, extra-molting has been viewed as a compensatory mechanism for nymphal growth that contributes to optimize body weight for successful reproduction. However, little is known on the capacity of extra-molting to evolve in natural populations, which limits our understand- ing of how selection acts on nymphal growth. We used a multi-generatio...
Factors influencing nymphal development in S. gregaria, for all models, including those displaying a ΔAIC < 2.
For each trait, selected variables came from linear models displaying a ΔAIC < 2, among all possible models including a null model and a full model (i.e., containing all variables as well as every simple interaction between pairs of variab...
We study the indicators and conditions of equilibria and outbreaks in desert locust population dynamics.
Locusts are grasshoppers able to form devastating swarms. The strategy of preventive control of locust plagues consists in locating and destroying the locusts starting to change behaviour from solitarious individuals to dense group of gregarious. Preventive management of locust plagues works in some areas or spe-cies but still fails elsewhere. The...
Changes in life-history traits have been observed in many fish species over past decades. This led to the “fisheries-induced evolution” hypothesis proposing that fisheries may be causing genetic changes to populations through selective harvesting. Another hypothesis, which is not mutually exclusive, is that observed changes are due to phenotypic pl...
The mountain environment is perceived today by vine-growers as a strong structural constraint. Yet in the current context of climate change, in which we turn to genetics, irrigation or innovation in cultural practices to maintain production quality, could the mountain environment emerge as a solution for adapting to climate change in vine-growing?...
Unravelling variation among taxonomic orders regarding the rate of evolution in microsatellites is crucial for evolutionary biology and population genetics research. The mean mutation rate of microsatellites tends to be lower in arthropods than in vertebrates, but data are scarce and mostly concern accumulation of mutations in model species. Based...
For desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), the hopper density threshold of gregarization remains poorly documented. Field sampling was carried out in traditional seasonal breeding areas of Mauritania during two successive years without invasion to approximate the gregarization threshold. Hopper densities were asses...
The behaviour of locusts has been studied extensively using two approaches: (1) analysing a single individual's response to a group stimulus or (2) using group conditions to look at aggregation patterns. The second approach has, in contrast with the first one, not been improved in terms of statistical analyses since the 1960s. In the present study,...
Disturbances play a crucial role in various forest ecosystems and represent major shaping forces in forest succession and spatio-temporal processes. In this study, we simulated different disturbance regimes using the individual-based mangrove forest model KiWi. Frequent small-scaled gaps caused by lightning strikes and rare medium-sized patches cau...
Ce travail a débuté comme un jeu intellectuel qui avait pour but de réfléchir sur la notion de qualité des vins du point de vue du terroir et des structures spatiales du territoire. La qualité de la vigne et du vin sont des notions qui sont Dupuis longtemps questionner par le monde scientifique. Chaque discipline les abordant avec ses propres outil...
This work began as an intellectual game, in order to discuss the notion of wine quality in terms of terroir and territory spatial structure. Vine and wine quality has long been questioned by scientists. Each discipline approaching it with his own tools.
One of Frenchs geographers who mark the discipline history was Roger Dion (1896-1981) whit an hi...
Locusts are grasshopper species that express phase polyphenism: modifying their behavior, morphology, coloration, life history and physiology in response to crowding. Desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, epigenetically modify progeny quality and quantity in response to crowding. Gregarious (crowded) females produce larger but fewer progeny than d...
Ecosystems in the tropics are predicted to have stronger responses to nutrient enrichment, greater diversity, and more intense biotic interactions than in temperate areas. Mangrove forests, which occur across a broad biogeographic range from warm temperate to tropical, provide a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses by investigating the respo...
In the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), the threshold density inducing the gregarization phenomenon has never been determined under natural conditions. The influence of environmental factors on this phenomenon has been studied mostly in controlled environments. Based on data collected during several years by t...
The present study involves the tracking of marching bands of more than 300,000 gregarious nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, to examine shelter plant preference and how species and size of shelter plants and nymphal group sizes jointly influence the escaping behavior of 4th- and 5th-instar gregarious nymphs. Field observations are...
Locusts are grasshopper species that express phase polyphenism resulting in the expression of gregarious behaviors that favor the development of large devastating bands and swarms. Desert locust preventative management aims to prevent crop damage by controlling populations before they can reach high densities and form mass migrating swarms. The are...
Facing climate change (CC), species are prone to multiple modifications in their environment that can lead to extinction, migration or adaptation. Identifying the role and interplay of different potential stressors becomes a key question. Anadromous fishes will be exposed to both river and oceanic habitat changes. For Atlantic salmon, the river wat...
Solitarious phase locusts are cryptic animals and usually seek shelter in plants. This trait was thought to be a specific antipredator strategy associated with the solitarious phase. However, information on preferences for particular shelter plants and sheltering behavior remains limited. In the present study, small-scale field observations were co...
Manipulating ant communities to control pests of cocoa has proven to be a promising strategy, especially in Asia. However, concerning African cocoa mirids, the main pests of cocoa in Africa, basic knowledge on mirid-ant relationships is still incomplete. Our study aimed to characterize the spatial relationships between dominant ant species and the...
The present study evaluates how a prolonged artificial flooding regime in impounded mangrove forests influences the regeneration after medium-sized forest destruction created by two hurricanes in 2004 in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Disturbance patterns, forest structure, and regeneration were investigated. We found disturbed areas, chara...
Desert Locust management is nowadays done through a preventative control strategy that consists in avoiding populations to reach high densities and a gregarization process leading to uncontrollable swarms. The areas of potential start of the gregarization process for Desert Locust are large and preventative management teams need to prospect all the...
Locusts are grasshopper species that express phase polyphenism resulting in the expression of gregarious behaviors that favor the development of large devastating bands and swarms. Desert locust preventative management aims to prevent crop damage by controlling populations before they can reach high densities and form mass migrating swarms. The are...
Mangrove forests appear among the most productive ecosystems on earth and provide important goods and services to tropical
coastal populations. Thirty-five percent of mangrove forest areas have been lost worldwide in the last two decades. Management
measures could be an option to combine human use and conservation of mangroves. These measures can b...
A von Bertalanffy growth model for young-of the-year Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in a small French coastal stream was fitted using water temperatures and densities of juvenile salmonids (S. salar and brown trout Salmo trutta) as covariates influencing daily growth rate. The Bayesian framework was used as a template to integrate prior information fr...
Abstract – Programmes of habitat restoration usually assume that the targeted populations will readily colonise the newly provided habitat. However, this assumption may not always hold, and the success of restoration may be impaired if the individuals are driven to aggregate in areas of the habitat already available instead of spreading to new one...