Craig B. Stanford's research while affiliated with University of Southern California and other places

... Therefore, we hypothesize that warmer ambient temperatures, as predicted under more likely climate change scenarios [36,37], may increase circulating estrogen levels in adult females, perhaps induced by higher aromatase activity at warmer conditions in adults as it does in embryos. If true, higher maternal circulating estrogens during vitellogenesis could result in higher estrogen deposition in the eggs, potentially feminizing clutches incubated around the pivotal temperature [1,6]. ...

... databases, also including records from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia collection (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil). These records were cross-checked with records considered in literature reviews by Amazonian turtle specialists (Ferrara et al. 2017;Rhodin et al. 2018), resulting in 3,415 occurrence records from 340 localities (Fig. 1, Table S1). ...

... This categorization (expected to be local/philopatric or expected to be non-local/ disperser) necessitates an idealized expectation that all adult primates of the dispersing sex for each species were in fact individuals who locationally dispersed (non-locals), and all those of the philopatric sex were individuals who did not disperse (locals). The authors recognize that this is an overly simplified version of a dispersal model; in reality, rates of dispersal from natal groups can vary widely and are dependent on resource availability, social factors, habitat fragmentation and other factors [73,74]. For example, in male-philopatric chimpanzees, male dispersals are virtually unheard of due to lethal intergroup aggression among males [75], but female dispersal rates from natal groups vary from 50% to nearly 100% [76][77][78][79]. ...

... There were Fig. 6 The François' langurs home range in each quarters calculated using a minimum convex polygon (MCP) method also 12 monkeys in Nonggang area, including nine adults, with a home range of 69.3 ha (Table 1) (Zhou 2005); there were seven monkeys in Fusui area, including four adults, with a home range of only 19 ha (Huang et al. 2011). A positive relationship was also found in Rhinopithecus roxellanae in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, where a population of 236 individuals had a home range of 2250 ha, while a small population of 62 individuals had a home range of only 1240 ha (Fan et al. 2019). There were several hundred R. bieti living in high-altitude forest areas, with a home range of 2525 ha (Kirkpatrick 1996). ...

... This group of animals has been used as a source of high-quality food, oil, and income from the sale of whole individuals for the domestic and international pet market, meat and other subproducts [1,2]. Due to high rates of extraction, chelonians are currently classified as one of the most threatened taxonomic groups in the world, where populations of many species are suffering decreases or local extinctions [3]. ...

... In this study, both VTG and T followed a similar pattern, with peak values occurring early in the nesting season, before declining through to the end of the season. This reproductive pattern is similar to those observed in temperate chelonian species (Gapp et al., 1979;Duggan et al., 2001;Saka et al., 2011;Currylow et al., 2013), along with those from tropical species (Currylow et al., 2017). Compared to the limited data from other terrapin populations, the trend in T output observed in this study was in agreement with that documented in an unpublished thesis by Lee (2003) in terrapins from South Carolina, along with that observed by Winters et al. (2016), at a similar latitude in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, with T showing a steady decline from earlier samples across the nesting season. ...

... Reptile behavior and physiology are closely tied to environmental cues, so conditions experienced in captivity may significantly alter the physical, behavioral, and endocrine phenotypes that are expressed (e.g. Currylow et al., 2017b). We offered the hatchlings frozen/thawed rodents averaging 9 g, which is similar in weight to some of the smaller prey items observed in invasive, wild python diets such as HighC2 ...

... Largescale distribution patterns of species are shaped by environmental and historical constraints (Harcourt & Wood, 2012;Kamilar, 2009;Lehman & Fleagle, 2006). In contrast, small-scale behavioural characteristics, including territoriality, location of nesting sites, predation and competition for food or mates, determine where a species is found (Nkurunungi & Stanford, 2006). The distribution of animals, therefore, varies across landscapes. ...

... It is often assumed that superabundance of food enhances physical condition, accelerates the timing of first birth and extends longevity. However, there is evidence that the husbandry practices and socioecological conditions of many captive colonies do not always maximize the welfare of great apes and, indeed, often increase the incidence of vascular disease, obesity, and stress (DeRousseau, 1994; Finch & Stanford, 2003). Captive chimpanzees and bonobos bear their first offspring when they are around 11 years old (Bentley, 1999; Knott, 2001; Sugiyama, 2004) and while this mean is earlier than the central tendency of age at first birth among their wild counterparts, it is within the age range of at least one wild population. ...

... For example, they can supplement their predominantly frugivorous diet (Tutin and Fernandez 1993;Newton-Fisher 1999) with crops, with resources from abandoned settlements (Takahata et al. 1986;Duvall 2008), or can develop leaf sponge use and clay consumption to ingest minerals previously provided by the pith of palm trees (Reynolds et al. 2015). Chimpanzees also are able to live in changed habitats by building nests in introduced tree species (Sousa et al. 2011;McCarthy et al. 2017;McLennan et al. 2020b) or by crossing small paved roads (Hockings et al. 2006) and high-traffic roads Krief et al. 2020a). Finally, chimpanzees display adaptations to human physical presence by reducing vocalizations to avoid hunters (Hicks et al. 2013), compensating for limb impairments resulting from poaching traps by using larger substrates (Cibot et al. 2016), or developing nocturnal crop foraging to avoid gardens guarded by farmers during daytime (Krief et al. 2014a). ...