Constance Torelli’s scientific contributions

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Publications (19)


Insertion des jeunes sur le marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire. La bombe à retardement est-elle dégoupillée ?
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2017

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7,570 Reads

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7 Citations

Afrique Contemporaine

Isaure Lefeuvre

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Constance Torelli

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Le marché du travail en République Démocratique du Congo en 2012 : Principaux résultats de la Phase 1 de l'Enquête 1-2-3

December 2014

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60 Reads

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4 Citations

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Grégoire Kankwanda

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The second wave of the 1-2-3 survey was carried out in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2012. It allows for important insights on basic socio-economic indicators for the first time since the first wave was carried out in 2004-2005. The present survey differs from the previous one in that a significantly larger number of households were surveyed, allowing for representativeness at the provincial level according to the new administrative division voted in the 2005 constitution. The Labour force survey, the first phase of the 1-2-3 survey, carried out in 2012 and conducted by the National Statistic Institute provides a detailed picture of the main characteristics of employment and unemployment in the country. This study, which presents the principal results of the survey, helps highlight the major structural characteristics of the urban and rural labour markets. By identifying their main shortcomings (early labour force participation for children, distortion between young people's expectations and real recruitment prospects, discrimination against women, inefficiency of placement services for the unemployed, generalisation of under-employment, the place of the informal sector, etc.), the study opens up new possibilities for defining policies designed to improve the way labour markets work in DRC.


Figure 1 – Niveau d'éducation au-delà du primaire complet par tranche d'âge, 2007-2012 (pourcentages) 
Figure 2-Emploi du temps des jeunes en 2012 et 2007 (pourcentages)
Figure 3-Satisfaction dans l'emploi par classe d'âge et secteur institutionnel en 2012
Le marché du travail en Haïti après le séisme : quelle place pour les jeunes ?

January 2014

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748 Reads

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20 Citations

Autrepart

Post-earthquake labour market in Haiti: the place of youths In January 2010, Haiti was struck by the most severe earthquake in its ever troubled history, an event which aroused an unprecedented worldwide mobilization. The country has since endured a series of natural disasters (floods, epidemics, etc.). Taking opportunity of the seism’s fifth commemoration, this article questions the place of youths in this exceptional context. It focuses on their integration into the labour market, given that employment remains by far Haitian people’s first source of income, and the only means of survival for the poorest. Have the youths been spared, or have they, on the contrary, been sacrificed as the generational “weak link”? The authors’ dynamic approach is based on the unpublished results of the first post-seism survey, conducted late 2012 by the Haitian Statistical Institute, compared to the results of a similar survey conducted in 2007.


L'évolution des conditions de vie en Haïti entre 2007 et 2012 : la réplique sociale du séisme

January 2014

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1,159 Reads

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13 Citations

Ce rapport contient l’analyse des principaux résultats de l’enquête sur les conditions de vie des ménages en Haïti après le séisme (ECVMAS) réalisée en 2012 par l’IHSI en partenariat avec DIAL et la Banque mondiale (BM). Ces travaux ont bénéficié d’un financement de l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (projet de recherche Evaluation d’Impact en Haïti Après le Séisme (EISHA)) et du programme NOPOOR de la Commission Européenne. Ce rapport matérialise et illustre la réussite de cette collaboration. Il reflète aussi la réussite moins visible mais non moins importante de la production de nouveaux outils et d’un savoir-faire permettant d’améliorer la connaissance des conditions de vie de la population après le séisme et mieux comprendre les dynamiques à l’½uvre dans le marché du travail. De par les spécificités et la complexité de la société haïtienne, il a fallu faire preuve de créativité et d’originalité afin de pouvoir mieux l’appréhender.




Employment, Unemployment, and Working Conditions in the Urban Labor Markets of Sub-Saharan Africa: Main Stylized Facts

June 2013

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557 Reads

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28 Citations

Th is chapter presents an overview of the main characteristics of urban labor markets and the workers employed in them at the turn of the 21st century. Th e descriptive analysis of a dozen 1-2-3 surveys conducted in Africa over the last decade establishes several robust stylized facts about the particularities of these markets. 1 Th e chapter examines a broad sweep of indicators, such as the level of education and the training-employment link; unemployment and underemployment; the distribution of jobs and job properties by institutional sector, especially the informal sector; job quality (earnings and social security coverage); and multiple jobholding. Th ese indicators identify the major trends, which are then studied in detail in the subsequent chapters. Th is chapter is structured as follows. Th e fi rst section describes the sociodemographic characteristics of the 11 cities studied. Th e second section examines labor force participation. Th e third section looks at unemployment. Th e fourth and fi fth sections examine the structure of employment and labor force characteristics by institutional sector and earned income and working conditions. Th e last section takes up the question of employment prospects, with a focus on young people. Th e chapter devotes special attention to unemployment (which other chapters do not specifi cally address), the informal sector, and earnings. Where possible, indicators are separated by gender.



Figure 4: Evolution of informal sector employment and informal employment in Cameroon and Madagascar, 1993-2006  
Figure 4 : Evolution de l'emploi dans le secteur informel et de l'emploi informel au Cameroun et à Madagascar, 1993-2006 .  
Figure 6: Reasons cited for non-registration of IPUs .  
Figure 6 : Motifs de non enregistrement des unités de production informelles  
Measuring the informal sector and informal employment: the experience drawn from 1-2-3 surveys in African countries

January 2009

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409 Reads

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26 Citations

South African Statistical Journal

La mesure du secteur et de l'emploi informel apparaît d'autant plus importante que ce secteur occupe une place essentielle dans les économies africaines, et que ce poids est encore amené à croître dans les années à venir. Cet article dresse un bilan des expériences d'enquêtes 1-2-3 sur le secteur et l'emploi informels qui se sont multipliées en Afrique depuis plus de quinze ans. Après avoir présenté les grands principes des enquêtes mixtes modulaires adoptés par les enquêtes 1-2-3 et leurs propriétés par rapport à d'autres types d'enquêtes, nous décrivons le schéma générique de l'enquête 1-2-3, sa logique et les limites qui en découlent. L'attention est ensuite portée sur les expériences nationales de mise en oeuvre des enquêtes. Nous montrons comment le fossé entre les principes et les pratiques a été comblé, la manière dont certains problèmes techniques ont été résolus sur le terrain et les questions qui restent à résoudre. Paradoxalement, nous concluons qu'il est aujourd'hui plus facile d'obtenir de données fiables sur le secteur informe que sur le secteur formel. Pour chacune des trois phases de l'enquête 1-2-3, nous illustrons nos analyses par des exemples significatifs de résultats obtenus dans les pays africains. Finalement, nous tirons quelques perspectives pour des développements futurs.


L’Emploi, le Chômage et les Conditions d’Activité en République Démocratique du Congo : Principaux résultats de la phase 1 de l’Enquête 1-2-3 2004-2005

January 2007

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4 Reads

(english) Democratic Republic of Congo has known dramatic events for the last three decades. Statistical social economic data did not exist really or not available in the period. The Labour force survey, the first phase of the 1-2-3 survey, carried out in 2004-2005 and conducted by the National Statistic Institute provides for the first time a detailed picture of the main characteristics of employment and unemployment in the country. This study, which presents the principal results of the survey, helps highlight the major structural characteristics of the urban and rural labour markets. By identifying their main shortcomings (early labour force participation for children, distortion between young people's expectations and real recruitment prospects, discrimination against women, inefficiency of placement services for the unemployed, generalisation of under-employment, the place of the informal sector, etc.), the study opens up new possibilities for defining policies designed to improve the way labour markets work in DRC. _________________________________ (français) La République Démocratique du Congo a connu une histoire très mouvementée au cours des trois dernières décennies. Les données statistiques socio-économiques de base ont été quasi inexistantes durant la période. L’enquête emploi, première phase du dispositif d’enquête 1-2-3 menée en 2004- 2005 par l’Institut National de la Statistique fournit pour la première fois une image détaillée des principales caractéristiques de l’activité et du chômage dans le pays. Cette étude, qui présente les principaux résultats de l’enquête, permet de mettre en évidence les grandes caractéristiques structurelles du marché du travail en milieu urbain et en milieu rural. En identifiant leurs principales défaillances (mise au travail précoce des enfants, désajustements entre les attentes des jeunes et les perspectives réelles d’embauche, discrimination à l’encontre des femmes, ineff


Citations (13)


... Figure 2 shows that there is an association between seniority (in years) and the individual's gender, particularly for females. This finding is consistent with Kankwanda et al. (2014), who reported that half of the informal jobs in urban areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are held by women. Women are predominantly found among self-employed workers (55.4%) and often have more precarious jobs compared to men. ...

Reference:

Food wastage in some public markets in Kinshasa City (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and consequences for the urban environment and public health
Le marché du travail en République Démocratique du Congo en 2012 : Principaux résultats de la Phase 1 de l'Enquête 1-2-3
  • Citing Research
  • December 2014

... While Marie Nathalie LeBlanc has focused on the entrepreneurship of "ordinary Muslims," mostly in Bouaké, 1 this article analyzes the career path of Aminata Kane Koné, a highly and secularly educated Ivorian Muslim woman in Abidjan, who has emerged as a female "figure of success" (Banégas and Warnier 2001). Over the last years, President Ouattara has repeatedly stressed the importance of fostering in Côte d'Ivoire an entrepreneurial culture for improving youth employment (Akindès 2017, 8-10); however, the youth, and especially women, still face a daunting labor market, despite impressive GDP growth since 2011 (Lefeuvre et al. 2017). Aminata Kane Koné, a prominent activist of the Association des Élèves et Étudiants Musulmans de Côte d'Ivoire (Association of Muslim Students of Côte d'Ivoire, or AEEMCI) in the 2000s, has become a self-made religious entrepreneur through media and social entrepreneurship. ...

Insertion des jeunes sur le marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire. La bombe à retardement est-elle dégoupillée ?

Afrique Contemporaine

... For instance, Roubaud and Torelli (2013) document the pervasiveness of underemployment in urban labour markets in francophone Africa, which they divide into 'time-related' underemployment whereby workers are involuntarily working part-time, and 'invisible' unemployment, defined as a situation in which workers earn less than the minimum wage. Golub and Fayat (2014) similarly note that since the era of structural adjustment, employment opportunities in the public sector have dwindled and the formal private sector has failed to grow sufficiently to absorb the large majority of the working population in agriculture and the urban informal sector where earnings are very low with no access to social insurance programmes. ...

Employment, Unemployment, and Working Conditions in the Urban Labor Markets of Sub-Saharan Africa: Main Stylized Facts

... A model suggests that individuals' time spent on household production and market activity depends on wage rates, household productivity, and substitution rates between sectors. Studies have shown that household income influences intra-household time allocation, affecting how much labor farm households supply to different sectors [48][49][50][51][52], but research on how intra-household time allocation impacts farm household income remains limited. Rosales-Salas and Jara-Díaz revised the time allocation model to account for the value of leisure and the use of hired labor, which previous models had overlooked [29]. ...

Domestic Work and Employment in Africa: What Is the Trade-Off for Women?

... The Surinamese lived a period of civil war in the mid-1980's, which led many people to flee their country and settle in French Guiana (6). The Republic of Haiti has been facing strong political and economic instability for several years, affecting the living conditions of Haitians (7)(8)(9). The country has experienced several natural disasters, including the 2010 earthquake, which led many Haitians to leave their country. ...

L'évolution des conditions de vie en Haïti entre 2007 et 2012 : la réplique sociale du séisme

... A similar result has been found in Ethiopia [55]. Most young mothers have no income-generating activity and are not covered by health insurance in Haiti [26,56]. Therefore, if their partner is not financially able, they may find it harder to cover the costs of diarrhea treatment. ...

Le marché du travail en Haïti après le séisme : quelle place pour les jeunes ?

Autrepart

... Since then, the measurement of informal employment has made great progress. The '1-2-3' survey is an example: it takes into account the very great diversity of working arrangements (noted by Hart) and the (partial) overlap between the 'household' and 'enterprise' units (Razafindrakoto, Roubaud, and Cling 2003;Razafindrakoto, Roubaud, and Torelli 2009). The statistician François Roubaud designed and tested this method in Mexico in the 1990s (Roubaud 2014). ...

Measuring the informal sector and informal employment: the experience drawn from 1-2-3 surveys in African countries

South African Statistical Journal

... The primary sampling units were census enumeration areas (EAs). In each EA (125 per country), some 20 households were randomly selected with equal probabilities (see Brilleau, Roubaud and Torelli, 2005a for more details). The final sample size was 18,000 households (approximately 2,500 households in each country, except in Benin where 3,000 households were interviewed). ...

L’emploi, le chômage et les conditions d’activité, Enquête 1-2-3 phase 1

Stateco

... The data come from the PARSTAT project, within which a series of identical surveys were carried out in capitals of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The surveys are based on the 1-2-3 methodology (Razafindrakoto et al., 2009), and Phases 1 (targeting employment) and 2 (targeting informal economic operators) are used here. The methodology of the surveys is a three-step one, where the first step corresponds to a representative survey of individuals' economic activity, permitting the identification of informal economic operators. ...

La mesure de l'emploi et du secteur informels : leçons des enquêtes 1-2-3

... 2, World Bank 2005). Still, not only is income inequality fairly high (Beegle et al. 2016), but, as pointed out by Cogneau et al. (2006), it is accompanied by low intergenerational social mobility, suggesting that inequality is weighing on individual life trajectories. ...

Inégalités et équité en Afrique