Conghe Song's research while affiliated with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and other places
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Publications (120)
Income inequality is a critical issue of socio-economic development, particularly in rural areas where forest-dependent people are often vulnerable to the intervention of forest policies. This paper aims to elucidate income distribution and inequality of rural households influenced by China's largest reforestation policy implemented in early 2000s....
Arctic-boreal wetlands, important ecosystems for biodiversity and ecological services, are experiencing hydrological changes including permafrost thaw, earlier snowmelt, and increased wildfire susceptibility. These changes are affecting wetland productivity, species diversity, and biogeochemical cycles. However, given the diverse forms and structur...
An urban agglomeration is the engine of regional and national economic growth, but also causes many ecological and environmental issues that emerge from massive land changes. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of an urban agglomeration was quantified and its impacts on the urban and regional landscape patterns were evaluated. It showed tha...
The value of leaf photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax) varies with time and space, but state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models rarely include such Vcmax variability, hindering the accuracy of carbon cycle estimations on a large scale. In particular, while the European terrestrial ecosystem is particularly sensitive to climate change, current estim...
Rural out-migration was a rare socio-economic phenomenon when community forestry began in the 1980s in Nepal. Now, out-migration significantly influences nearly every aspect of rural livelihoods in the country. However, it is unclear how out-migration affects community forestry governance, which is essential for sustainable rural development. There...
Context
Urbanization has profoundly changed urban landscape patterns and morphologies. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of these changes and their driving forces is vital to decision making for urban planning and sustainable urban development.
Objectives
This study aims to quantify the spatiotemporal pattern of urban growth in Shanghai,...
ContextPayments for Ecosystem Services (PES) has increasingly been used in ecological conservation efforts through implementing forest policies worldwide. However, outcomes of forest policies with PES are often mixed due to the complex social-ecological dynamics.Objectives
In this study, we develop a spatially explicit agent-based model for croplan...
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected all sectors of the economy, and the impacts are expected to last-long. One major impact is that migrants return to their original households in rural communities due to loss of jobs. Since rural communities are highly dependent on forest and agriculture for livelihoods, an influx of ret...
Surface Urban heat island (SUHI) is a major adverse environmental consequence of urbanization. Many algorithms measuring SUHI across varying spatial or temporal scales are developed rapidly with the availability of thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing data from satellites. However, the trade-off between the spatial and temporal resolution of TIR s...
Human-environment interactions drive the land-use dynamics of the terrestrial surface. Worldwide, land-based environmental conservation efforts and agricultural preservation regulations are often concurrent. Complex social-ecological feedback within the coupled natural and human systems nevertheless confounds their effects. Drawing on population-le...
Urban spring phenology changes governed by multiple biological and environmental factors significantly impact urban ecosystem functions and services. However, the temporal changes in spring phenology (i.e., the start of the vegetation growing season, SOS) and the magnitude of SOS sensitivity to temperature in urban settings are not well understood...
The impervious surface area (ISA) is a key indicator of urbanization, which brings out serious adverse environmental and ecological consequences. The ISA is often estimated from remotely sensed data via spectral mixture analysis (SMA). However, accurate extraction of ISA using SMA is compromised by two major factors, endmember spectral variability...
Extreme precipitation events are intensifying due to a warming climate, which, in some cases, is leading to increases in flooding. Detection of flood extent is essential for flood disaster response, management, and prevention. However, it is challenging to delineate inundated areas through most publicly available optical and short‐wavelength radar...
The majority of the aboveground biomass on the Earth’s land surface is stored in forests. Thus, forest biomass plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. Yet accurate estimate of forest aboveground biomass (FAGB) remains elusive. This study proposed a new conceptual model to map FAGB using remotely sensed data from multiple sensors. The conc...
Rapid global vegetation greening has been observed for the past two decades, but its implications to the hydrological cycle are not well understood in many regions, including the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). This study used a remote sensing‐driven ecosystem model, the Coupled Carbon and Water model, to fully examine the individual and combined hydrol...
Global climate change increased air temperature variability and enhanced the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves and cold spells with adverse impacts on public health. In this study, we examined the relationships of the daily air temperature with mortality in Shanghai in 2003, a record hot year. We found V-shaped a...
Recent climate change and vegetation greening have important implications for global terrestrial hydrological cycles and other
ecosystem functions, raising concerns about the watershed water supply
capacity for large water diversion projects. To address this
emerging concern, we built a hybrid model based on the Coupled Carbon and
Water (CCW) and W...
As one of the most dynamic aspects of global environmental change, land cover change (LCC) has a profound impact on terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, LCC-induced carbon fluxes are still the most uncertain terms in global and regional carbon budgets. Ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) is the total carbon uptake by vegetation through p...
Our current understanding of human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) is limited beyond protected areas. This article investigated HWC in community-forestry (CF) landscape in two Middle Hill districts of Nepal, where community forests and agriculture are mosaicked. We used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and geospatial tools to examine...
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China is a typical area where both population and economy have been increasing rapidly in recent decades. The rapid economic development and population increase also bring severe environmental stresses. To better understand the factors that contribute to the regional ecological environment change, this stud...
Despite the advances in technologies to derive the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) seasonality at large-scale, factors controlling the temporal dynamics of Vcmax is largely unknown without extensive field measurements at stand scale. In addition, state-of-the-art process-based terrestrial ecosystem models had not accounted the complex...
Understanding household labor and land allocation decisions under agro-environmental policies is challenging due to complex human-environment interactions. Here, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model based on spatial and socioeconomic data to simulate households’ land and labor allocation decisions and investigated the impacts of two...
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs may bring unintended consequences to the coupled socio-ecological system (SES) and incur unexpected feedbacks between social and ecological systems. This paper explores how the SES responds to PES intervention and investigates the role played by social networks in building resilience in a traditionally...
Recent global climate change and vegetation greening have important implications to Earth’s global biogeochemical cycles and climate, raising concern about the water supply of water diversion projects. To quantify how such a greening trend impacts local water balance and the capacity of water supply, we built a hybrid model based on the Coupled Car...
Recently, pocket green spaces (PGS), i.e., small green spaces, have attracted growing attention for their various ecological and social services. As a crucial part of urban green spaces in high-density urban areas, PGS facilitates recreation and relaxation for neighborhoods and thus improves the livability of cities at the local scale. However, whe...
Plain Language Summary
El Niño (warmer‐than‐normal tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures [SSTs]) usually causes warming of air temperatures across most of Earth's surface and enhanced dryness in many tropical regions, while La Niña (cooler‐than‐normal tropical Pacific SSTs) usually has the opposite effect. Global photosynthesis is usually reduc...
Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the largest carbon flux from the atmosphere to the terrestrial ecosystems. However, how GPP dynamics respond to vegetation structural change (VSC), climate change, and rising CO2 concentration are still unclear. In this study, we developed a process-based model (i.e., Farquhar GPP Model) to characterize...
Cropland abandonment has been a major land-use concern, threatening food security globally. Understanding the factors contributing to cropland abandonment advances land-use change science and provides essential information for policy making, both of which aim to improve agriculture land management. Despite many studies conducted on this topic, we s...
Cropland phenology provides key information in managing agricultural practices and modelling crop yield. However, most of the existing phenological products have coarse spatial resolution ranging from 250 to 8000 m, which is not sufficient to capture the critical spatial details of cropland phenology at the landscape scale. Landsat imagery provides...
The impacts of climate change and extreme weather events (e.g. frost-, heat-, drought-, and heavy rainfall events) on the continuous phenological development over the entire seasonal cycle remained poorly understood. Previous studies mainly focused on modeling key phenological transition dates (e.g. discrete timing of spring bud-break and fall sene...
The southern Appalachian forests have been threatened by several large-scale disturbances, such as wildfire and infestation, which alter the forest ecosystem structures and functions. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) is a non-native pest that causes widespread foliar damage and eventual mortality, resulting in irreversible tree d...
Primary production is the entry point of energy and carbon into ecosystems, but modeling responses of primary production to “environmental stress” (i.e., reductions of primary production from nonoptimal environmental conditions) remains a key challenge and source of uncertainty in our understanding of Earth's carbon cycle. Here we develop an approa...
Urbanization is one of the major causes for plant diversity loss at the local and regional scale. However, how plant species distribute along the urban–rural gradient and what the relationship between urbanization degree and plant diversity is, is not very clear. In this paper, 134 sample sites along two 18 km width transects that run across the ur...
In mountainous headwater catchments, downslope flow of subsurface water could buffer downslope forest communities from soil moisture stress during drought. Here we investigated changes in landscape-scale vegetation patterns at five forested headwater catchments in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachians. We used a ca. 30-year...
Hydrological effects of forest thinning have been studied at small watershed scales using the paired watershed approach since the 1920s. However, how forest transpiration, a critical component of evapotranspiration, changes decades after thinning is not well understood despite its importance for modifying drought resilience of forest ecosystem unde...
The characterization of fine temporal-resolution land surface dynamics from broadband optical satellite sensors is constrained by sparse acquisitions of high-quality imagery; interscene variation in radiometric, phenological, atmospheric, and illumination conditions; and subpixel variability in heterogeneous environments. In this letter, we address...
Land surface phenology (LSP) has been widely used as the "footprint" of urbanization and global climate change. Shifts of LSP have cascading effects on food production, carbon sequestration, water consumption, biodiversity, and public health. Previous studies mainly focused on investigating the effects of urbanization on the spatial patterns of LSP...
Terrestrial vegetation, as the key component of the biosphere, has a greening trend since the beginning of this century. However, how this substantial greening translated to global gross carbon sequestration or gross primary production (GPP) is not clear. Here we investigated terrestrial GPP dynamics and the respective contributions of climate chan...
Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the largest carbon flux entering the biosphere from the atmosphere, which serves as a key driver of global carbon cycle and provides essential matter and energy for life on land. However, terrestrial GPP variability is still poorly understood and difficult to predict, especially at the annual scale. As...
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) may alter dynamics in coupled human and natural systems, producing reciprocal feedback effects on socioeconomic and environmental outcomes. As forests recover following China’s two nation-wide PES programs, wildlife-related crop raiding has been increasingly affecting rural people’s livelihoods. We evaluate the...
Urban heat island (UHI) effect has serious negative impacts on urban ecosystems and human well-being. Mitigation of UHI using nature-based solutions is highly desirable. It was well known that urban green infrastructure (UGI), i.e., urban vegetation, can effectively mitigate UHI effect. However, the potential of urban blue infrastructure (UBI), i.e...
While agri-environmental policies that target different problems are often simultaneously implemented at the same place, little attention has been paid to the interactions of the policies, either in policy design or evaluation. The goal of this study is to understand the potential interactions (synergies or trade-offs) between an agricultural subsi...
Rural-to-urban migration has been a hallmark of economic development in China and other developing countries and can have profound socio-economic and ecological implications. This study seeks to understand the impacts on this migration of two large payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs implemented by the Chinese Government: the Conversion...
In the late 1990s, China’s Yangtze and Yellow River Basins suffered devastating natural disasters widely attributed to the degradation of soil and water resources. The Government of China responded with a number of major environmental programs, the most expensive and influential of which, the Grain for Green (GfG) Program, was implemented widely fr...
Land-Cover/Land-Use (LCLU) change is a critical aspect of global environmental change, with profound social and ecological consequences. The southeastern U.S. in particular is changing rapidly, but a long-term, consistent LCLU history at fine spatial resolution does not exist for the region. Here, we present a new LCLU history of the southeastern U...
Cropland abandonment has emerged as a common phenomenon in land use transitions. Both cropland abandonment and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs can facilitate the provision of ecosystem services. However, the relationship between cropland abandonment and PES programs remains poorly understood. China has recently undergone considerable...
Fuelwood is an essential environmental good for livelihood in rural China. Heavy reliance on fuelwood is associated with numerous negative externalities. Due to decades of rapid economic growth in China, we hypothesize that the increase in rural household income would reduce reliance on fuelwood. Using data from a survey of 481 households conducted...
Significant gaps exist in our knowledge of the impact of leaf aging on canopy signal variability, which limits our understanding of vegetation status based on remotely sensed data. To understand the effects of leaf aging at the leaf and canopy scales, a combination of field, remote-sensing and physical modeling techniques was adopted to assess the...
In light of the need to operationalize the mapping of forest composition at landscape scales, this study uses multi-scale nested vegetation sampling in conjunction with LiDAR-hyperspectral remotely-sensed data from the G-LiHT airborne sensor to map vascular plant compositional turnover in a compositionally- and structurally-complex North Carolina P...
Vegetation phenology manifests the rhythm of annual plant life activities. It has been extensively studied in natural ecosystems. However, major knowledge gaps still exist in understanding the impacts of urbanization on vegetation phenology. This study addresses two questions to fill the knowledge gaps: (1) How does vegetation phenology vary spatia...
The automatic adaptive signature generalization (AASG) algorithm overcomes many of the limitations associated with classification of multitemporal imagery. By locating stable sites between two images and using them to adapt class spectral signatures from a high-quality reference classification to a new image, AASG mitigates the impacts of radiometr...
