Chunjian Zhang’s scientific contributions

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Publications (1)

FIG. 1. Variance of temperature fluctuations as a function of the temperature with several different values of baryon chemical potential.
FIG. 2. High-order temperature fluctuations of the third through sixth orders, i.e., cn in Eq. (8), as functions of the temperature with several different values of baryon chemical potential. The insets show the respective plot by using the linear y-axis, where the zero-crossing is clear.
FIG. 3. Ratios between high-order temperature fluctuations and the variance, R32 = c3/c 2 2 , R42 = c4/c 3 2 , R52 = c5/c 4 2 , R62 = c6/c 5 2 , as functions of the temperature with several different values of baryon chemical potential.
High-order fluctuations of temperature in hot QCD matter
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April 2025

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Jinhui Chen

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Chunjian Zhang

We study the temperature fluctuations in hot quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. A new thermodynamic state function is introduced to describe the mean transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions, enabling analytic expressions for the temperature fluctuations of different orders. This formalism is applied to the QCD thermodynamics described by a 2+1 flavor low energy effective field theory within the functional renormalization group approach. It is found that the temperature fluctuations are suppressed remarkably as the matter is evolved from the phase of hadron resonance gas to the quark-gluon plasma phase with increasing temperature or baryon chemical potential, which is attributed to the significant increase of the heat capacity of matter. Furthermore, the same mechanism leads to a negative skewness in the temperature fluctuations.

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