Christopher Westgate’s scientific contributions

... where and are the laser irradiance and the saturation level, respectively. Based on results for visible light using a CMOS camera [28,29] a minimum average irradiance of 50 mW/cm during each row exposure is required, and at least 0.1 mW/cm pick irradiance to achieve dazzling with shorter pulses. We experimentally found that similar conditions hold for the camera used in this work, as observed in Figure 2. ...

Reference:

Invisible CMOS Camera Dazzling for Conducting Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networks

... This is a limiting step which delays data transfer. The predominant detection method is to use laser characteristics of brightness in spatial (well defined beams) or spectral (narrow wavelength range) [9][10][11] regimes. A bright source is not necessarily a laser source and using the laser property of coherence has proved both more sensitive than brightness detection and capable of discrimination [12][13][14][15] against/from bright incoherent sources. ...

Reference:

Laser discrimination and detection at the sub-pW level using photon sensitive detection of self coherence