Christopher Gaffney's research while affiliated with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and other places

... In addition, the limited amount of eligible studies reduced the credibility of the final conclusions. Another nine articles [12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] were added to this research compared to the latest meta-analysis [13], which made the outcomes more convincing and credible. Gald conducted an additional stratified analysis utilizing the semen concentration of the patients [20]. ...

... More recently, improvements in endourologic instrumentation have permitted minimally invasive approaches to ejaculatory duct pathology, such as seminal vesiculoscopy or balloon dilation of the ejaculatory ducts [35,36]. Unusual pathology may be encountered, such as symptomatic stones requiring laser lithotripsy or basketing, blood clots requiring irrigation, or tumors necessitating biopsy [37,38]. ...

... New modalities and approaches have expanded the indications for the surgical treatment of BPH [6,7]. For example, GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) has been shown to reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative hematuria in patients requiring anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy, and has been associated with lower rates of major acute cardiac events [8][9][10]. ...

... If the tumor sizes > 8 mm in the biopsies, the likelihood is 90% to be upgraded from GS6 to GS7 in the prostatectomy specimens [32]. Molecular studies show that tumor size is an independent factor in the accumulation of genomic risk factors [33]. Furthermore, molecular studies have shown that even small foci can metastasize [34]. ...

... Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men (1). As for androgen-dependent cancer, androgen-receptor signaling plays a crucial role in PCa development and progression (2). ...

... A recent national survey of urologists and radiation oncologists showed that while both specialties reported positive attitudes towards mpMRI, only about a quarter of providers in both groups actually ordered mpMRI [1]. Likewise, a recent review of SEER data showed that while more people are using mpMRI in men with prior biopsy and no prior biopsy, there remains significant heterogeneity in utilization patterns, with increased utilization reported in patients with higher socioeconomic status [2]. e findings suggest that one of the main factors limiting the accessibility of mpMRI is its affordability [3]. ...

... The outcomes of interest to determine the intensity of AS were PSA testing, prostate surveillance biopsies, and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) scans. The HCPCS/CPT codes used were similar to those in previous studies [6,16,17]. PSA testing, surveillance biopsies, and MRI scans performed were counted only if they were performed 1 month after cancer diagnosis date (diagnosis date was estimated as the first day of the month of diagnosis). ...

... Finally, results from a 2020 study including 5,811 patients with prostate cancer from retrospective multi-institutional cohorts showed that SPOP mutations were associated with a decreased rate of adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy (OR 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34−0.93, P = 0.026), independently of preoperative PSA, age, and pathological Gleason score; however, SPOP mutations were not associated with biochemical recurrence, metastasis-free survival, or cancer-specific survival, independently of pathological information, indicating that SPOP mutations are independently Nature reviews | Urology P e r s P e c t i v e s 0123456789();: associated with favourable pathology at prostatectomy 66 . The paradoxical effect of SPOP mutations on genomic instability in prostate cancer despite a correlation with improved clinical outcomes has not yet been explained; some hypotheses, which remain to be proven, are the increased susceptibility of tumours harbouring SPOP mutations to anti-androgen therapies, or the mutual exclusivity of this mutation with other alterations that confer aggressive phenotypes, such as ETS family gene mutations. ...

... The interplay between infection and AUR remains unclear, but based Approximately 21% of the infection cohort also went into AUR, but due to the low number of overall infection events, it is difficult to make definite claims here. Overall, we feel the most compelling finding we identified was older age, and while not well studied, it has been established as a risk factor for infection after TR and TP biopsy [24]. Contrary to studies like Shoag et al., we could not confirm age as an independent risk factor for infection in our regression model [24]. ...

... Pierce et al. (24) realizaron una prueba de Cetirizina a un varón de 28 años con la indicación de que tuviera un orgasmo semanalmente. Tras 4 semanas, el paciente informó de una mejora significativa de los calambres abdominales y de sus deposiciones. ...