Christoph Müller's research while affiliated with Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and other places
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Publications (523)
Long-term lime and manure amendment can alleviate soil acidification, but their impacts on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and their production pathways remain largely unclear. Here, a 15N tracing study was conducted to explore the effect of lime and manure amendment on N2O production pathways and gross nitrogen (N) transformation rates of an acidic...
This paper describes the rationale and the protocol of the first component of the third simulation round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a, 70 www.isimip.org) and the associated set of climate-related and direct human forcing data (CRF and DHF, respectively). The observation-based climate-related forcings for the...
Nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle, converting the most reduced N compounds to the most oxidized ones. In general, soil NO3⁻ is predominantly produced by two pathways: i) oxidation of NH4⁺ via nitrite (NO2⁻) to nitrate (NO3⁻) (autotrophic nitrification, An) and ii) oxidation of NH4⁺ and organic N to NO3⁻ (heterotrophic nitrificati...
Northeast and East China account for ~36% of the Chinese rice cultivation area, yet considerable spatial disparities in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) existed between these regions. The underlying causes remain poorly understood. Herein, we conducted a case study in two sample sites from the two regions, Wuchang and Changshu, using multi‐scale evide...
Tropical and subtropical forest biomes are a main hotspot for the global nitrogen (N) cycle. Yet, our understanding of global soil N cycle patterns and drivers and their response to N deposition in these biomes remains elusive. By a meta-analysis of 2426-single and 161-paired observations from 89 published 15 N pool dilution and tracing studies, we...
It is not clear how the number of 15 N-injection needles affects the estimated results of gross N transformation rates in the presence of plants. To evaluate this, a 15 N tracing study of sandy loam soil and a silty loam soil in the presence of maize (Zea mays L., cv. “Zhengdan 958”) was conducted and the Ntraceplant tool was used to quantify gross...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions occur as a consequence of the turnover of soil nitrogen (N), but gross N transformations and N2O production are often not studied in combination, so the relationships are poorly understood. Here, we quantified gross N transformations and the N2O production pathway of alkaline fluvo-aquic soils under different fertiliza...
We present the Land Input Generator (LandInG) version 1.0, a new toolbox for generating input datasets for terrestrial ecosystem models (TEM) from diverse and partially conflicting data sources. While LandInG 1.0 is applicable to process data for any TEM, it is developed specifically for the open-source dynamic global vegetation, hydrology and crop...
Nitrogen (N) transformations in estuarine and coastal ecosystems play a crucial role in the global biogeochemical cycles. However, simultaneous estimation of gross N transformations and the underlying drivers across estuarine and intertidal wetlands remain poorly understood. Here, the spatial changes in gross N transformation rates and related func...
Most large scale studies assessing climate change impacts on crops are performed with simulations of single crops and with annual re-initialization of the initial soil conditions. This is in contrast to the reality that crops are grown in rotations, often with sizable proportion of the preceding crop residue to be left in the fields and varying soi...
The internal soil nitrogen (N) cycle supplies N to plants and microorganisms but may induce N pollution in the environment. Understanding the variability of gross N cycling rates resulting from the global spatial heterogeneity of climatic and edaphic variables is essential for estimating the potential risk of N loss. Here we compiled 4,032 observat...
Countries’ reliance on global food trade networks implies that regionally different climate change impacts on crop yields will be transmitted across borders. This redistribution constitutes a significant challenge for climate adaptation planning and may affect how countries engage in geopolitical and cooperative action. This paper investigates the...
Living walls (LW) are a way to increase urban green infrastructure. Previous research has mainly focused on microclimatic cooling effect or the technical functioning of LW, while the development of autochthonous plant species and visual plant aspects for LWs have largely been neglected. In this study we focused on the possibility of establishing LW...
Biochar (BC) has attracted attention for carbon sequestration, a strategy to mitigate climate change and alleviate soil acidification. Most meta-analyses have insufficiently elaborated the effects of BC on soil N transformation so the practical importance of BC could not be assessed. In this study, a 15N tracing study was conducted to investigate t...
Multispecies pastures containing grasses, N-fixing legumes and forage herbs can maintain high herbage dry matter (DM) yield, while reducing the need for fertiliser N inputs thus potentially reducing harmful N losses such as nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and nitrate (NO3⁻) leaching to the wider environment. However, our understanding of these process...
Two methodological approaches are commonly used to investigate heterotrophic nitrification (Nith) in soil: process inhibitions and 15N tracing. While many studies have reported Nith based on 15N tracing approaches, estimates via specific inhibitor are less common. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to illustrate the similarities and difference...
Adaptive management of crop growing periods by adjusting sowing dates and cultivars is one of the central aspects of crop production systems, tightly connected to local climate. However, it is so far underrepresented in crop-model based assessments of yields under climate change. In this study, we integrate models of farmers’ decision making with b...
Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in the tropical grass Brachiaria humidicola could reduce net nitrification rates and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soil. To determine the effect on gross nitrogen (N) transformation processes and N2O emissions, an incubation experiment was carried out using 15N tracing of soil samples collected following...
Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation a...
Reducing nitrogen losses can be accomplished by mixing fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors (NI). In some agricultural systems, increasing soil N supply capacity by the use of NI could lead to improved N use efficiency (NUE) and increased crop yields. This study examined the effect of different N rates and NI in maize in the north of Iran. The...
Slash-and-burn is a common practice in the subtropical karst areas of southwest China, as well as in other places around the world, to prepare forest land for agricultural plantations. Understanding the effect of slash-and-burn practice on soil nitrogen (N) supply capacity is critical for the preservation of ecosystem services including long-term p...
The form of inorganic N in soil is governed by N transformations, but the relationship between the soil N transformation dynamics and the N uptake by plants is unclear. The effect of liming and nitrification inhibitor on crop N uptake efficiency (NUE) and N loss due to altered soil N processes was investigated using a 15 N tracing approach. Crops w...
Conservation tillage practices are widely proposed as an effective management approach to guarantee soil productivity and sustainability by manipulating nutrient status, especially nitrogen (N) cycling. However, little is known about the interactive response of individual gross N transformation processes and their regulation of N availability in so...
The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short‐term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass stocks remains a major...
Peatlands are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas and is also involved in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Due to the large number of N2O production and consumption processes, it is challenging to trace N2O emissions to an individual process. We investigated the effect of different water regim...
Purpose
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) has been widely applied to improve soil degradation, enhancing vegetable N uptake and productivity. However, its effects on interactions between vegetable N uptake and soil gross N transformation remain unclear.
Methods
Two degraded vegetable soils were treated with RSD and ¹⁵N tracing pot experiments we...
Long-term application of high doses of N fertilizer to achieve high yields has led to a significant accumulation of soil N (largely in the form of NO3⁻) in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP). At present, it is not clear how efficiently vegetables can use the NO3⁻ accumulated in soil and from which source the N taken up by vegetables in GVP origi...
Saltmarsh plants are important components of estuarine and coastal wetlands because they regulate ecosystem nitrogen (N) dynamics. However, complex interactions between the N uptake of saltmarsh plants and soil N transformation remain unclear. Here, we conducted a series of ¹⁵N tracing experiments with native Phragmites australis, invasive Spartina...
Purpose
Knowledge of nitrogen (N) dynamics of organic fertilisers as partial substitutes for chemical fertilisers could improve the retention of mineral N and optimise fertilisation practices in paddy soils.
Materials and methods
¹⁵ N tracing was performed to quantify the effect of 36 years of partial substitution of chemical N by organic N on gro...
Ammonia (NH3) fluxes and their soil-related factors were quantified in irrigated maize and potato fields by two split-plot experiments with and without crop residue (CR) together with four fertilizer N rates: N zero (control), farmers’ N (FP), recommended N (RD) and 25% above RD (1.25 RD). CR application together with RD increased NH3 fluxes in mai...
Ammonia (NH3) fluxes and their soil-related factors were quantified in irrigated maize and potato fields by two split-plot experiments with and without crop residue (CR) together with four fertilizer N rates: N zero (control), farmers’ N (FP), recommended N (RD) and 25% above RD (1.25 RD). CR application together with RD increased NH3 fluxes in mai...
The Chinese food system has undergone a transition of unprecedented speed, leading to complex interactions with China’s economy, health and environment. Structural changes experienced by the country over the past few decades have boosted economic development but have worsened the mismatch between food supply and demand, deteriorated the environment...
Grazing livestock alter the fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in grasslands. We implement a livestock module representing grazing dairy cows into LPJmL5.0-tillage, a global vegetation and crop model with explicit representation of managed grasslands and pastures, forming LPJmL5.0-grazing. The new module explicitly accounts for feed quality on d...
Understanding of feedbacks between plant N uptake and soil N transformations in different vegetable production systems is crucial to increase vegetable N acquisition and improve N fertilizer management. 15 N tracing pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse (GH) and open-field (OF) conditions; plant N uptake and soil gross N transformation ra...
It has been widely accepted that biochar has a great potential of mitigating soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. However, the underlying mechanism about how biochar affects nitrogen transformation and the pathways of soil N2O production is under discussion. A ¹⁵N-tracer incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the short-term effects of bio...
Increasing atmospheric CO2 enhances plant biomass production and may thereby change nutrient concentrations in plant tissues. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on nutrient concentrations of grassland biomass that have been grown for 16 years (1998–2013). The grassland biomass grown at...
Aims
Biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) can play an important role in inhibiting nitrification and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture. However, most current BNI studies have been conducted under hydroponics. Genotypic differences in the inhibition of nitrification in soil are still largely unknown. Our main aim was to in...
Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, especially below national scales, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomi...
Understanding the dynamics and availability of soil nitrogen (N) affected by the conversion of cropping patterns is critical for environmental sustainability, especially in tropical soils with low fertility and high N loss. In this study, the 15N tracing technology combined with the 15N tracer model was used to explore the dynamic change of soil N...
The effect of long‐term soil phosphorus (P) on in situ nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from temperate grassland soil ecosystems is not well understood. Grasslands typically receive large nitrogen (N) inputs both from animal deposition and fertiliser application, with a large proportion of this N being lost to the environment. Understanding optimum nu...
Fungi typically prevail in acidic soils and have a stronger preference for complex organic compounds than bacteria. Thus, we hypothesized that fungi would play a more important role in gross nitrogen (N) transformation in acidic soil than bacteria, and dominance of fungi on gross N transformations in acidic soil would increase following complex org...
Aims Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) has been widely applied to improve soil degradation, thereby enhancing vegetable N uptake and subsequently productivity. However, the effect of RSD on interactions between vegetable N uptake and soil gross N transformation remain unclear. Methods Two degraded vegetable soils were treated with RSD. Untreated...
Plastic-shed vegetable cultivation is characterized by high nitrogen (N) application rates, frequent irrigation and multiple cropping, probably leading to different soil N transformation rates compared to open-field cultivation. However, how continuous cultivation of vegetables under plastic sheds affects soil N transformation rates and associated...
PurposeInvestigating soil nitrogen (N) cycling to evaluate inorganic N supply can guide land resource utilization. In this study, four typical land uses including grassland, Eucalyptus, corn, and pitaya plantations were chosen in a karst desertification area, all of which are the main plants in the local area. The corn and pitaya plantations experi...
Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, and when they are, it is often at a national scale, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we co...
Aims
The understanding of the interactions between N transformations and N uptake by plants in greenhouse soils with large N accumulation is still not clear. The aim is to understand the plant- soil interactions (vegetables) on N transformations with respect to N supply.
Methods
¹⁵N tracing studies were conducted in two greenhouse soils to simulta...
Maize (Zea mays L.) N uptake affects N use efficiency (NUE), which is affected by the N form for uptake. However, maize N preference for NH4+ or NO3− is unclear. A field experiment and a 15 N tracing study was conducted with various soils differing in pH plant with maize. Maize N (NO3− and NH4+) uptake rate significantly varied with soil pH, but NO...
Microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization, which typically results in soil N retention but based on the balance of gross N immobilization over gross N production, affects the fate of the anthropogenic reactive N. However, global patterns and drivers of soil gross immobilization of ammonium (INH4) and nitrate (INO3) are still only tentatively known. Her...
Biological nitrification inhibitor (BNI) can play an important role in inhibiting nitrification and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture. However, most of current BNI studies have been conducted under hydroponics. Variations in genotype-mediated inhibition of soil nitrification are still unknown. In this study, two rice genotypes,...
Elevated levels of atmospheric CO 2 lead to the increase of plant photosynthetic rates, carbon inputs into soil and root exudation. In this work, the effects of rising atmospheric CO 2 levels on the metabolic active soil microbiome have been investigated at the Giessen free-air CO 2 enrichment (Gi-FACE) experiment on a permanent grassland site near...
Habitat loss and biotic homogenisation are undermining the stable supply of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) that underpin the long-term productivity and resilience in farmed landscapes. Growing demand for land-based products, and global ambitions for climate and area-based protection are likely to increase land competition, which could furth...
Soil physiochemical and biological properties have been demonstrated as key controllers of nitrogen (N) transformation in soil; however, the roles of different soil properties in regulating the transformation processes and rates of N remain largely uncertain. Therefore, we quantified the gross transformation rate of N in soil and examined its relat...
Land management practices can reduce the environmental impact of
agricultural land use and production, improve productivity, and transform
cropland into carbon sinks. In our study we assessed the biophysical and
biogeochemical impacts and the potential contribution of cover crop
practices to sustainable land use. We applied the process-based, globa...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin; NI) as a mitigation option for yield-scaled emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) under tillage management and urea fertilization in the irrigated maize fields in northern Iran. A split-plot experiment was performed based on a randomized completed blocks desi...
Crop pests and diseases (CPDs) are emerging threats to global food security, but trends in the occurrence of pests and diseases remain largely unknown due to the lack of observations for major crop producers. Here, on the basis of a unique historical dataset with more than 5,500 statistical records, we found an increased occurrence of CPDs in every...
Aims The understanding of the interactions between N transformations and N uptake by plants in greenhouse soils with large N accumulation is still not clear. The aim is to understand the plant- soil interactions (vegetables) on N transformations with respect to N supply.
Methods ¹⁵N tracing studies were conducted in two greenhouse soils to simultan...
Plants with ammonium preference are able to exude biological nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrification keeping the mineral N in NH4⁺ form. The question is whether plants with a NO3⁻ preference are able to stimulate nitrification to shift mineral N towards NO3⁻ production to meet their NO3⁻ demand. In this study we attempted to solve this con...
![Comparison of [CO2] and temperature changes between CMIP5 and CMIP6
a,...](profile/Jonas-Jaegermeyr/publication/355831041/figure/fig2/AS:1085566972108819@1635830743125/Comparison-of-CO2-and-temperature-changes-between-CMIP5-and-CMIP6-a-CO2-pathways-for_Q320.jpg)
Potential climate-related impacts on future crop yield are a major societal concern. Previous projections of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project’s Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 identified substantial climate impacts on all major crops, but associated u...
Biogeochemical models of vegetation dynamics could potentially be used to complement empirical studies on the effect of plant species richness. A key precondition is the simulation of species coexistence. While community scale models regularly incorporate respective processes, models at the field or landscape scale used for larger scale assessments...
Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) on cropland has been proposed as a climate change mitigation strategy to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere, which in particular is needed to achieve the targets proposed in the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in atmospheric temperature to well below 2 ∘C. We analyze...