Christine Hung’s scientific contributions

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Publications (4)


Figure 1. Degradation chart for bioethanol-blends, excluding HC, CO, NO x , nanoparticles and 
Figure 2. Reaction-path of aliphatic amines and polyether-amines from environmental release to cell intoxication. R: poly-butene, polyether chain. The functional NH2 depicts the key group with genotoxic properties, based on their triggering of liver oxidase and formation of the nitrenium form (NH+) which readily forms adducts with the DNA [12] 
Figure 3. The impact categories GWP 100a, CED, and ecoindicator for E85, with NOR15, petrol, NOR15 alone, ethanol (Swiss and Polish), normalized against the maximum result 
Figure 4. The relative contribution to environmental impacts by the content of the MDAPs 
Figure 5. Environmental impacts from the various types of ethanol (well-to-tank), taking into account the feedstocks 

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Environmental impacts connected with the use of ethanol-gasoline blends
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

November 2015

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479 Reads

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Christine Hung

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As a summary of work in the project " Influence of bioethanol fuels treatment for operational performance, ecological properties and GHG emissions of spark ignition engines (Biotreth) " , evolving around the effects from bioethanol blending, this paper summarizes the findings from the 3-year long project. These are 1) attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of the environmental impact connected with the blended fuels, and 2) molecular dynamics simulations of exhaust from the blended fuels. Bioethanol has been increasingly applied as a renewable energy component in combination with gasoline for the reduction of emissions and to reduce the release of climate gases into the atmosphere. Here the environmental and health impacts resulting from introducing bioethanol blended into fossil fuels are assessed. This bio-blended fuel is an alternative to fossil fuels, and their multivariate results are presented with the potential environmental impacts of the production (well-to-tank) of certain multifunc-tional detergent additive packages (MDAPs) combined with different ethanol-gasoline blends. Moreover the effect of feedstock for ethanol in Switzerland and Poland on end

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Environmental impacts connected with the use of ethanol-gasoline blends. Oddziaływania na środowisko związane ze stosowaniem mieszanek etanol-benzyna

November 2015

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84 Reads

As a summary of work in the project " Influence of bioethanol fuels treatment for operational performance, ecological properties and GHG emissions of spark ignition engines (Biotreth) " , evolving around the effects from bioethanol blending, this paper summarizes the findings from the 3-year long project. These are 1) attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of the environmental impact connected with the blended fuels, and 2) molecular dynamics simulations of exhaust from the blended fuels. Bioethanol has been increasingly applied as a renewable energy component in combination with gasoline for the reduction of emissions and to reduce the release of climate gases into the atmosphere. Here the environmental and health impacts resulting from introducing bioethanol blended into fossil fuels are assessed. This bio-blended fuel is an alternative to fossil fuels, and their multivariate results are presented with the potential environmental impacts of the production (well-to-tank) of certain multifunc-tional detergent additive packages (MDAPs) combined with different ethanol-gasoline blends. Moreover the effect of feedstock for ethanol in Switzerland and Poland on end-Environmental impacts connected with the use of ethanol-gasoline blends 55-point modelling results is explored. The resulting combustion products, as a result of adding these new MDAP to the ethanol-gasoline blends, are measured and added to the well-to-wheel LCA focused on GWP100, Cumulative Energy Demand and Eco-indicator'99. MDAP production eco-environmental impacts are estimated based on their chemical structure. To assess the potentials for new types of emission compounds we have used molecular dynamics simulations. The combination of bioethanol and gasoline introduces two leading toxic components in the urban atmosphere as potentially toxic mixtures: acetaldehyde and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were established. The PAHs are found in combusted gasoline and are virtually absent in emissions of bioethanol. Bioethanol however, contributes with acetaldehyde, which is a potential carcinogen. In this study, we have studied the dynamics of particle formation between acetaldehyde and phenanthrene, which is a PAH found at high concentrations in generic fossil fuel emissions. Our analysis resolves the interaction of these two main emission toxic components at the molecular level in virtual chambers of 300 to 700K, under standard atmospheric conditions and under high pressure and temperature from the engine and exhaust pipe and also reveals their interaction with environmental humidity, modelled as single-point charged water molecules. The results show so far that PAHs and phenanthrene can combine in the water phase and form aqueous nanoparticles, which can be easily absorbed in the lungs through respiration. Water droplets in moisture become potential carriers of PAHs to the exposed subjects by forming non-covalent bonds with acetaldehyde, which in turn binds phenanthrene via its hydrophobic group.



Well-to-Wheel Environmental Assessment of Bioethanol-Gasoline Blends - The Effect of Detergent Additives and Feedstock

September 2015

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101 Reads

The eco-environmental impacts resulting from introducing biofuels, as alternatives to fossil fuels, are generally well understood via numerous attributional and consequential life cycle assessments (LCAs). Especially climate change and land use have gotten much attention, whereas other eco-environmental impacts are less understood. Ethanol-gasoline blends, compared to gasoline, are also well analysed in this context. Problems mentioned in existing literature are that different upstream feedstock (e.g. corn-grain or lingo-cellulosic) for ethanol manufacturing imply different relative contribution to the climate change environmental impact category. Additionally, the share of process chemicals and enzymes of the total ethanol production eco-environmental impact vary (3-30%) depending on the ethanol. Moreover, previous research claim that more acetaldehyde and ethanol emissions result from combustion of ethanol-gasoline blends than from gasoline. Another gap is that the overall eco-environmental effects of multifunctional detergent additive packages (MDAP) used in bioethanol gasoline blends are not well assessed. These MDAPs are used with ethanol-gasoline fuel blends of 85 % ethanol, so-called E85. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the new MDAP compounds must improve the combustion, reduce harmful engine emissions as well the overall well-to-wheel eco-environmental impacts. To do this, an integrated platform is used, where research and development of additives provide primary data to the LCA. Here multivariate results are presented of the potential environmental impacts of the production (well-to-tank) of certain MDAPs combined with different ethanol-gasoline blends. Moreover the effect of feedstock of ethanol in Switzerland and Poland on end-point modelling results is explored. The resulting combustion products, as a result of adding these new MDAP to the ethanol-gasoline blends, are measured and added to the well-to-wheel LCA focused on GWP100, Cumulative Energy Demand and Eco-indicator’99. MDAP production eco-environmental impacts are estimated based on their chemical structure.