Christina Weiland's research while affiliated with University of Michigan and other places
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Publications (44)
Currently available measures of PreK classroom quality inconsistently predict gains in children's outcomes. Extant measures may not capture the full range of instructional practices—including the degree to which children are exposed to rich content and cognitively demanding instruction—that are important for supporting the development of early lang...
The sustaining environments hypothesis theorizes that the lasting effects of PreK programs are contingent on the quality of the subsequent learning environment in early elementary school. The current study tests this theory by leveraging data from students (N = 462) who did and did not enroll in the Boston Public Schools (BPS) prekindergarten (PreK...
There is limited research on the relation between approaches to learning (ATL) and Latino kindergarteners' math development, and mixed results regarding the role of Latino home numeracy practices. This study examined the associations among Latino kindergarteners' ATL, home numeracy practices, and growth in math skills. Participants were 151 low-inc...
Narrative language abilities are foundational to literacy development and are a culturally grounded measure of early literacy for Latino children. This study evaluates the impacts on narrative language abilities and the costs of a 4-week, strengths-based program that leverages two valued sociocultural practices with built-in benefits, personal narr...
In the United States, the long‐term effects of early childhood programs have been given particular weight in research on early childhood education and in policy debates about the value of prekindergarten. Many research teams were building the evidence base on U.S. early childhood programs to inform that discussion when studies were upended by the C...
The rise of multi-site, field-based trials in early childhood research coupled with advances in statistics offer an unprecedented opportunity to understand how context affects children's wellbeing. In the current study, we chart our journey in exploring heterogeneity in the treatment effects of an existing large-scale evaluation to provide guidance...
Classroom organization is an important facet of prekindergarten quality but is typically measured at a global level and as a single construct. Little is known about how experiences of different facets of classroom organization—namely, exposure to teacher organizational strategies—vary across individual children in the same classroom and predict gai...
Food routines are an ecocultural asset of Latino families. This cluster-randomized trial with 248 children (Mage = 67 months; 50% girls; 13 schools) investigated the impact of a 4-week family program designed to capitalize on food routines in improving Latino kindergarteners' outcomes in the United States. There were moderate-to-large impacts on ch...
In recent years, policymakers’ and practitioners’ interest in school climate as a contributor to K-12 student learning and classroom processes has increased, both in the US and internationally. However, researchers have not yet examined the influence of school climate on the youngest learners in these contexts — prekindergartners. Using data from t...
This study examines whether associations between enrollment in public and non-public PreK and children's (N = 508; Mage = 5.60 years in fall of kindergarten) math and language and literacy outcomes were more likely to be sustained through the spring of kindergarten for unconstrained versus constrained skills. Associations between public PreK and la...
Preschool improves children's kindergarten readiness, but the cognitive outcomes of preschool enrollees and nonenrollees tend to converge partially or fully in elementary school. In older programs, most of this convergence occurs in kindergarten (Li et al., 2016), but evidence from today's programs is sparse. Using data on 4,971 children who applie...
General measures of process quality are widely used in the early childhood education (ECE) field. However, the evidence regarding associations between the most widely used process quality measure, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS; Pianta et al., 2008), and children’s school readiness gains during the preschool year is mixed. Using dat...
Though there is an expanding field of research on public prekindergarten, there is a relatively little comprehensive investigation into what public prekindergarten costs. We address some of the absences in the literature by analyzing public-sector expenditures for the city of Boston’s public prekindergarten program, a particularly high-quality prog...
This study examines growth in language and math skills during the summer before kindergarten; considers variation by family income, race/ethnicity, and dual language learner status; and tests whether summer center-based care sustains preschool gains. Growth in skills slowed during summer for all children, but the patterns varied by domain and group...
Parental engagement in home-based learning activities is linked to children's academic skills. Yet, interventions that try to enhance parental engagement-sometimes targeted to families with low levels of education-have small effects. This study aimed to inform supports for families by examining how different types of home-based learning activities...
This study leverages naturally occurring lotteries for oversubscribed Boston Public Schools prekindergarten program sites between 2007 and 2011, for 3,182 children (M = 4.5 years old) to estimate the impacts of winning a first choice lottery and enrolling in Boston prekindergarten versus losing a first choice lottery and not enrolling on children’s...
As states and districts expand access to publicly funded PreK programs, researchers and policymakers have been grappling with experimental evidence demonstrating that the benefits of PreK on academic skills are not likely to last into early elementary school. A leading hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that PreK and the elementary grades are...
Universal public prekindergarten programs have been expanding in recent years, but not all eligible families apply to these programs, for reasons that are not well understood. Using two cohorts of students (N = 8,391) enrolled in Boston Public Schools, we use geographic information systems to combine administrative records with census data to compa...
There are unique challenges to estimating causal effects of preschool for students with special needs that have not received attention in the literature. We revisit the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS) to illustrate that when and how special needs is defined has implications for the internal validity of and interpretation of special needs subgroup im...
Although text messaging interventions targeting parents of older students have shown promise for improving a variety of outcomes, evidence on text-based outreach and support for parents of young children is just emerging. We explore programmatic data from a text-based mentoring intervention designed to support postpartum mothers and promote healthy...
The results of the Tennessee study and the recent Brookings consensus statement present a moment for the field to reflect collectively on the preschool evidence base writ large and on what should come next. In this brief commentary, I review the broader preschool literature and offer seven specific takeaways regarding what we know about public pres...
This article synthesizes findings from a reanalysis of data from the Head Start Impact Study with a focus on impact variation. This study addressed whether the size of Head Start’s impacts on children’s access to center-based and high-quality care and their school readiness skills varied by child characteristics, geographic location, and the experi...
Experts have heralded domain-specific play-based curricula coupled with regular coaching and training as our “strongest hope” for improving instructional quality in large-scale public preschool programs. Yet, details from different evaluations of the strongest hope model are not systematically compiled, making it difficult to identify specific feat...
Early care and education for many children in the United States is in crisis. The period between birth and kindergarten is a critical time for child development, and socioeconomic disparities that begin early in children's lives contribute to starkly different long-term outcomes for adults. Yet, compared to other advanced economies, high-quality ch...
Parental investments in the activities and materials that drive learning are central to young children’s school readiness and life success. Little is known, however, about how parents adjust these investments in response to outside pressures, including their children’s impending entry into kindergarten. In the present study, we employ two analytica...
Despite consensus that school absenteeism has negative consequences for children's life outcomes, until recently, little was known about the prevalence of absenteeism or its potential to moderate the impacts of school-based interventions. This study provides evidence from a randomized experiment of a preschool intervention involving 1876 children i...
We have many reasons to invest in preschool programs, including persistent gaps in school readiness between children from poorer and wealthier families, large increases in maternal employment over the past several decades, and the rapid brain development that preschoolage children experience. But what do we know about preschool education’s effectiv...
We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moder...
Quality of teacher–child interactions is central to prekindergarten children's learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher–child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) wh...
Un Buen Comienzo [A Good Start] was a professional development program implemented with prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers in Chilean public schools serving low-income families. In a randomized trial, the program showed moderate to large impacts on classroom quality but no impacts on targeted child outcomes. To unpack these findings, we exam...
Because most public preschool programs are means tested, children enrolled in these programs accordingly have peers from predominantly low-income families who present lower cognitive skills and more behavioral problems, on average. The present study examined the role of having a higher percentage of peers from higher-SES families on gains in childr...
Much of the currently available evidence on the causal effects of public prekindergarten programs on school readiness outcomes comes from studies that use a regression-discontinuity design (RDD) with the age cutoff to enter a program in a given year as the basis for assignment to treatment and control conditions. Because the RDD has high internal v...
La importancia del lenguaje y la alfabetización en la primera infancia ha sido ampliamente estudiada por su impacto en el desarrollo de manera general y su relación con el desempeño escolar posterior. La gran mayoría de las iniciativas que buscan mejorar la calidad de la educación inicial, incorporan estrategias focalizadas en estas áreas. Pese a l...
Despite consensus in the developmental literature regarding the role of executive function (EF) skills in supporting the development of language skills during the preschool years, we know relatively little about the associations between EF skills, including all EF components, and vocabulary skills among preschool-aged children. In this paper, we ad...
Despite evidence that high-quality preschool programs have substantial, long-lasting impacts on young children's developmental outcomes, associations between preschool quality measures and children's cognitive outcomes within preschool programs are generally small or null. Using data from a large urban prekindergarten program, we examined associati...
Publicly funded prekindergarten programs have achieved small-to-large impacts on children's cognitive outcomes. The current study examined the impact of a prekindergarten program that implemented a coaching system and consistent literacy, language, and mathematics curricula on these and other nontargeted, essential components of school readiness, s...
— In the current era of rapid economic change in societies worldwide, it is vital to examine how large-scale societal changes might affect children’s development. This article summarizes existing evidence on 3 types of large-scale economic change and policies that theory and empirical evidence suggest affect children’s development: economic growth...
In recent years, there has been increased interest in improving early mathematics curricula and instruction. Subsequently, there has also been a rise in demand for better early mathematics assessments, as most current measures are limited in their content and/or their sensitivity to detect differences in early mathematics development among young ch...
Citations
... It has been shown that parents' PSS can significantly influence parenting levels [4], parental emotions [5], and the HLE [6]. Early parental involvement, young children's family characteristics, and the HLE created by parents all influence the development of the ATLs in young children [7][8][9][10][11]. ...
... Cumulative empirical literature (e.g., Bus, Van Ijzendoorn & Pellegrini, 1995;Niklas, Cohrssen & Tayler, 2016;Pace et al., 2019;Dickinson & Morse, 2019) has documented the contribution of SBR to children's literacy development and socio-emotional well-being (Martin et al., 2022). As a culturally grounded activity (see Leyva et al., 2022;Carmiol, Sparks & Conejo, 2022), SBR's benefits vary in relation to a range of socially contingent factors, including the frequency and quality of parents' reading at home (Noble et al., 2019;Dowdall et al., 2020). ...
... While the necessity of quantifying pre-kindergarten as being highquality for all children, and especially so for children who have been historically and structurally overlooked and marginalized, is critical, this task remains elusive given the inherent limitations imbedded in such instruments. In addition to the previously noted lack of cultural awareness, for example, the CLASS (Pianta et al., 2008) has also been demonstrated to be limited in predicting pre-kindergarten skills of math, language, and executive function (Guerrero-Rosado et al., 2021;McDoniel et al., 2022) for children, and as not individualized to children's specific learning (Maier et al., 2022;Moffett el al., 2021). There is more recently a growing body of literature that puts forward alternatives to strictly measuring quality by the narrow delineation which is the CLASS (Pianta et al., 2008). ...
... Los datos de video también informaron un estudio sobre fidelidad de implementación del modelo UBC (Mendive et al., 2014). Otros aspectos de la evaluación sirvieron para realizar el primer estudio riguroso sobre asistencia a la educación parvularia en Chile (basado en datos recolectados a través de observación directa durante 10 días seleccionados aleatoriamente a lo largo del año escolar; Arbour et al., 2014); un estudio de evaluación de impacto del terremoto del 2010 en la atención y función ejecutiva de los niños en prekínder y kínder (Gomez & Yoshikawa, 2017); y el primer estudio en América Latina que vinculó la calidad de la enseñanza observada en el aula con el crecimiento en indicadores de aprendizaje y desarrollo de los alumnos que asisten a educación preescolar . ...
Reference: Un Buen Comienzo para los niños de Chile
... Sixth, we searched the reference lists of three included studies that met inclusion criteria, and because they were under review at journals, they represented the most recent research. They also represented different types of interventions, including text messaging , picture books , and food routines (Leyva et al., 2021). ...
... Preschool lottery contexts are very promising for additional such evidence. Blocked random assignment otherwise can be quite difficult to implement and is often under-powered for impact variation analyses in the early education context due to factors like small numbers of classrooms in centers compared to K-12 settings (Sabol et al., 2022). ...
... To do so, we draw on an unusually rich data set, spanning the kinds of administrative data common in public schools, district-collected assessments, and additional researcher-collected data on academic achievement, socioemotional measures, family data, and teacher characteristics. Data available on K-2 students typically are less robust than data for older students (Weiland et al., 2021); our rich dataset presents the opportunity to test whether any additional, less-typical data may be particularly useful in early warning systems. Using these data, we compared model performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (Mandrekar, 2010). ...
... As illustrated there, the majority of the sample was eligible for free-or reduced-price lunch and the students were diverse with respect to racial/ethnic background and parental education, among other characteristics. As described more fully in McCormick et al., 2021, the public schools in the sample are representative of the broader population of BPS elementary schools and the students in our analytic sample differed slightly from the broader sample of kindergarten students in BPS. ...
... For example, Boston used an early reading assessment called DIBELS for many years while surrounding districts did not and further, such data were not compiled at the state level. A study of Boston Prekindergarten that leveraged these data could do so accordingly only for children who remained in BPS schools (Weiland, Unterman, & Shapiro, 2021). But when available and when equivalent across districts, these data offer promise for providing more timely, policy relevant evidence on the effects of preschool programs. ...
... The program has garnered a high profile since its inception due to its attention to quality and research-backed practices. 3 For instance, lead Boston Pre-K teachers are compensated on the same pay scale as BPS K-12 teachers and must hold a minimum of a bachelor's degree and either have a master's degree or be working to attain a master's degree within five years. BPS Pre-K teachers also receive curriculumspecific training and in-class support from experienced early childhood coaches. ...