Christian Walter’s scientific contributions

... These questions were previously developed by the Back Pack Health Worker Team to measure exposures with a demonstrated association with a range of health outcomes in eastern Burma [5], and may have an eventual explanatory role in the coverage and access of the MOM program. The variables relate directly to specific rights enshrined in international human rights law: forced labor (International Convention for Civil and Political Rights, Article 8 [15] ), targeting of noncombatants (Geneva Convention IV, Article 3 & 27 [16]), theft and/or destruction of food supplies and other material goods essential for survival (Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions (II), Article 14 [17]), and forced displacement or relocation of civilian population (Protocol II, Article 17 [17]; Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 13 [18]). The survey instrument was translated into four languages (Burmese, Shan, Karen, and Mon) with repeated back-translation for standardization of content and meaning. ...

Reference:

Access To Essential Maternal Health Interventions and Human Rights Violations among Vulnerable Communities in Eastern Burma

... The 2022 Siege of Mariupol needs to be considered against a long and very problematic Russian-Ukrainian relationship, with historical, cultural, and political ties going back many centuries (Plohìj, 2021). The immediate precursor to the siege, however, was the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution, or Euromaidan protests. ...

Reference:

Civilian Endangerment and Human Shield Tactics in the Siege of Mariupol

... The first thing is to see whether there is a state attribution from Russia to Nashi Youth Group to prove their relationship. According to Article 8 (Draft Articles of State for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), "The conduct of a person or group of persons shall be considered an act of a State under international law if the person or group of persons is acting on the instructions of, or under the direction or control of, that State in carrying out the conduct" (Walter et al., 2004). This article explains the relevance of Nashi Youth Group's position in Russia since Nashi Youth Group is not a state organ and does not have any authority to exercise the government's control according to Articles 4 and 5 of ARSIWA. ...

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CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

... On the one hand, in attempting to go beyond organizational aspects to the normative issues of global governance, global administrative law incorporates values that are derived from national constitutional experiences, constituting an integral part of a multilevel global constitutional order. 111 On the other hand, global constitutionalism refers to the development of global administrative law as the evidence for the emerging constitutionalization of global governance. 112 In sum, the unity of global public law is embedded in the dual reflexivity between global administrative and constitutional law. ...

Reference:

Between Fragmentation and Unity: The Uneasy Relationship between Global Administrative Law and Global Constitutionalism