Christian Koeberl's research while affiliated with Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) and other places
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Publications (588)
The petrogenesis of Palaeoarchaean mafic–ultramafic rock suites from the western Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Craton, eastern India, has been evaluated based on the chemistry of constituent mineral phases. The rock suites include basaltic rocks and mafic (gabbro) to ultramafic (serpentinized peridotite) intrusive rocks, which occur in host rocks cover...
Cluster analysis studies based on electron microprobe data of phenocryst mineral phases (namely olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase) of basaltic rocks around Linga (21° 58′ N: 78° 56′ E), eastern Deccan volcanic province have been carried out for the first time. Based on highly significant correlation coefficients obtained for relevant major oxi...
Impact events that create complex craters excavate mid- to lower-crustal rocks, offering a unique perspective on the interior composition and internal dynamics of planetary bodies. On the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, the surface geology mainly consists of ~3 km thick sedimentary rocks, with a lack of exposure of crystalline basement in many areas. Co...
Continental flood basalts of the world are represented either by picrobasalt/picrite layers (with abundant growth of olivine) or by (almost) olivine-depleted tholeiite basalts. We have taken a case study from the olivine-depleted basaltic rocks from Khandwa (21°49′N: 76°21′E) Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province. Our research shows that recent cooling...
Multivariate statistical analysis involving hierarchical clusters was carried out for basaltic samples (and associated units) from Khandwa (21°49′N, 76°21′E). ‘Highly significant’ or ‘significant’ linear correlation coefficient values (r) corresponding to different minerals (namely, olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase), denote several oxides (as...
Field investigations and lava flow mapping around Khandwa (21°49′ N:76°21′ E), Central India (within the eastern Deccan volcanic province) record three distinct lava flows which are in general, characterized by several structural zones, for example, Lower Vesicular Zone, Lower Colonnade Zone, Entablature Zone (EZ), Upper Colonnade Zone (UCZ), and U...
Identifying and determining the origin of β-cristobalite, a high-temperature silica polymorph, in natural samples is challenging as it is rarely, if ever, preserved due to polymorphic transformation to α-cristobalite at low temperature. Formation mechanisms for β-cristobalite in high-silica rocks are difficult to discern, as superheating, supercool...
Understanding past and present aqueous activity on Mars is critical to constraining martian aqueous geochemistry and habitability, and to searching for life on Mars. Assemblages of minerals observed at or near the martian surface include phyllosilicates, sulfates, iron oxides/hydroxides, and chlorides, all of which are indicative of a complex histo...
Lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11962 is a regolith breccia with a diverse range of mineral and lithic clasts. For the present study, major and trace element contents and selected isotopic compositions were determined on a homogenized bulk powder of NWA 11962 by instrumental neutron activation analysis, thermal ionization mass spectrometry,...
This volume pays tribute to the great career and extensive and varied scientific accomplishments of Walter Alvarez, on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2020, with a series of papers related to the many topics he covered in the past 60 years: Tectonics of microplates, structural geology, paleomagnetics, Apennine sedimentary sequences, geoarchaeo...
One atmosphere experimental study on fresh basaltic rocks
of Paleoarchean western Iron Ore Group (IOG) basin of
Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India gives insight of the
crystallization behavior of the parent magma, liquid lines of
descent and appearance of the different constituent phases. The
natural starting material is sufficiently ferroan (FeOt: 14...
In this paper, we present old and new data about our integrated interdisciplinary stratigraphic study of sedimentary deposits preserved in the Grotta dei Baffoni Cave of the Frasassi hypogenic cave complex, including sedimentological, paleontological, archaeometric, and radiometric analyses. This research work allowed us to reconstruct the geologic...
The presence of tektite-like glasses from a geographically restricted area in Belize (Central America) has been known for several decades. We comprehensively studied 18 such Belize glasses by a variety of petrographic and geochemical methods, including major and trace element analysis, radiogenic isotopic composition (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and Re-Os), wate...
The 10.5‐km‐diameter, 1 Ma Bosumtwi impact structure in Ghana is one of the youngest, large impact structures known on Earth. The preservation of the morphology of its ejecta deposits, with an annular moat and outer ridge resembling those of rampart impact craters on Mars, makes Bosumtwi a remarkable impact structure on the African continent. An ai...
Constraining the degree of preservation of a meteoritic signature within an impact structure provides vital insights in the complex pathways and processes that occur during and after an impact cratering event, providing information on the fate of the projectile. The IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilling recovered a ∼829 m continuous core (M0077A) of im...
An explanation of the changed Figure 1 in an article on the unknown German pioneers of the impact hypothesis from the 1850s.
Frequent violent collisions of impactors from space punctuated the geological and atmospheric evolution of early Earth. It is generally accepted that the most massive collisions altered the chemistry of Earth’s earliest atmosphere, but the consequences of Archaean collisions for atmospheric oxidation are little understood. Early Archaean (4.0–3.5 b...
Natural glass occurs on Earth in different geological contexts, mainly as volcanic glass, fulgurites, and impact glass. All these different types of glasses are predominantly composed of silica with variable amounts of impurities, especially the alkalis, and differ in their water content due to their mode of formation. Distinguishing between differ...
Banded iron formations (BIFs) were deposited before and concurrent with the Great Oxidation Event at ∼2.33 Ga. They provide useful archives that document the transformation of the Precambrian hydrosphere from anoxic to progressively oxygenated conditions. Their formation involves removal of oceanic Fe by either inorganic or biologically promoted Fe...
This study presents a new classification of a ∼100-m-thick crater suevite sequence in the recent International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)-International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 Hole M0077A drill core to better understand the formation of suevite on top of the Chicxulub peak ring. We provide an extensive data...
The Yilan crater is 1.85 km in diameter and is located in the northeast of China's Heilongjiang Province. The crater is exposed in the Early Jurassic granite of the regional Paleozoic–Mesozoic granite complexes. The southern third of the crater rim is missing, but other rim sections are well preserved, with a maximum elevation above the present cra...
The IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilling recovered a 829 m core from Hole M0077A, sampling ˜600 m of near continuous crystalline basement within the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure. The bulk of the basement consists of pervasively deformed, fractured, and shocked granite. Detailed geochemical investigations of 41 granitoid samples, that is...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This volume represents the proceedings of the homonymous international conference on all aspects of impact cratering and planetary science, which was held in October 2019 in Brasília, Brazil. This volume contains a sizable suite of contributions dealing with regional impact records (Australia, Sweden), impact craters and impactites, early Archean i...
This study presents petrographic and geochemical characterization of 46 pre-impact rocks and 32 impactites containing and/or representing impact melt rock from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure (Yucatán, Mexico). The aims were both to investigate the components that potentially contributed to the impact melt (i.e., the pre-impact lith...
Northwest Africa (NWA) 11962 is a lunar regolith breccia composed of a wide range of different clasts. The lunar origin of this meteorite is confirmed by oxygen isotope analysis and the Fe/Mn ratio in pyroxene and olivine. In the present study, the clasts and the matrix of NWA 11962 are characterized by optical and electron microscopy along with el...
The mid-nineteenth century is not regarded as the time when the theory of extraterrestrial catastrophism developed. However, two German scholars independently introduced original concepts of terrestrial impacts of large celestial bodies at that time. Ludwig Pfeil (1803-1896), a self-educated wealthy landowner, and Karl Reichenbach (1788-1869), an e...
The possibility of a “death from above” cause for biotic crises and extinction events is intriguing, to say the least, but such claims must be supported by reliable and reproducible data, not only impact diagnostic criteria, but also accurate and precise radioisotopic ages of the impact structures/events. To date, only one example of such an impact...
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction is marked globally by elevated concentrations of iridium, emplaced by a hypervelocity impact event 66 million years ago. Here, we report new data from four independent laboratories that reveal a positive iridium anomaly within the peak-ring sequence of the Chicxulub impact structure, in drill core rec...
On Mars, seasonal martian flow features known as recurring slope lineae (RSL) are prevalent on sun-facing slopes and are associated with salts. On Earth, subsurface interactions of gypsum with chlorides and oxychlorine salts wreak havoc: instigating sinkholes, cave collapse, debris flows, and upheave. Here, we illustrate (i) the disruptive potentia...
Evaluation of the petrogenetic history of continental flood basalt using mineral–chemical data has been sparingly used for several flood basalt provinces of the world. For the Deccan flood basalts, such attempts are still rudimentary. The present contribution highlights several facets of petrogenesis of the Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province using de...
Smartphones contain many important metals. Yet, public data about the exact content are limited. In this study, the abundances of 53 metals and semi-metals in smartphones were determined. The ten most abundant metals measured are Fe, Si, Mg, Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Sn, and Sr; these comprise already 93 % of the total weight of the investigated 53 metal...
High-pressure minerals provide records of processes not normally preserved in Earth’s crust. Reidite, a quenchable polymorph of zircon, forms at pressures >20 GPa during shock compression. However, there is no broad consensus among empirical, experimental, and theoretical studies on the nature of the polymorphic transformation. Here we decipher a m...
Planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz are a commonly used and well‐documented indicator of shock metamorphism in terrestrial rocks. The measurement of PDF orientations provides constraints on the shock pressure experienced by a rock sample. A total of 963 PDF sets were measured in 352 quartz grains in 11 granite samples from the basement of...
The Deccan Traps continental flood basalt (CFB) province of India contains several dyke swarms, which are dominated by tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites. The Southeastern Saurashtra dyke swarm, containing mainly these rock types, also contains an andesite and several rhyolites. Based on petrographic, mineral chemical, and whole-rock major a...
53 metallic elements from smartphones were investigated with regard to metal prices, metal production, and content in comparison to mined ores. The metal content of the 7.42 billion smartphone devices sold from 2012 to 2017 could theoretically maintain the global supply for 91 days for Ga, 73 days for Ta, 23 days for Pd, 14 days for Au, and 6 days...
The Mekelle basin (area ~ 5500 km2) is located at the immediate western margin of the Afar Depression, which has a history of collision, subsidence, uplift, magmatism and now rifting. The evolution of such small to medium size basins as the Mekelle in a complicated geodynamic set-up is a subject of debate, because several different mechanisms of ba...
Shocked quartz and feldspar grains commonly exhibit planar microstructures, such as planar fractures, planar deformation features, and possibly microtwins, which are considered to have formed by shock metamorphism. Their orientation and frequency are typically reported to be randomly distributed across a sample. The goal of this study is to investi...
Carbonates and cherts in the 3.35 billion-year-old Strelley Pool Formation (Fm.; Australia) host stromatolites that are among the oldest remnants of life on Earth. However, it is still not entirely clear whether these mineral phases are authigenic precipitates, and whether they represent reliable geochemical archives of early Earth environments. He...
Elephanta Island near Mumbai is an important area for understanding the stratigraphic and structural framework of the Deccan flood basalt province in the tectonically disturbed Panvel flexure zone on the western Indian rifted margin. Elephanta exposes a west-dipping, 66−65 Ma sequence of tholeiitic lava flows and dykes. Geochemical correlations wit...
One atmosphere experimental studies have been conducted on two amygdule‐free representative samples from Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, Central India, belonging to Eastern Deccan Volcanic province in order to understand mineral petrogenesis, crystallization history of the parent magma and role of liquid immiscibility. One atm experiments were carried out...
Shock amorphization of plagioclase, from partial to complete, has been used to evaluate the degree of shock in meteorites. Important information on the shock amplitude can be derived from the measurement of the refractive index in plagioclase, either from mineral separates or in petrographic thin sections. However, this technique is time‐consuming,...
Highly sensitive nondestructive HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry was used for the analysis of the cosmogenic (26Al) and primordial (40K, 238U, and 232Th) radionuclides in the Oued Awlitis 001 and Galb Inal lunar meteorites. The measured 26Al activities were very different (84.0 ± 4.8 dpm/kg vs. 8.4 ± 1.2 dpm/kg, respectively), mainly because of differen...
The Tissint meteorite fell on July 18, 2011 in Morocco and was quickly recovered, allowing the investigation of a new unaltered sample from Mars. We report new high‐field strength and highly siderophile element (HSE) data, Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐W‐Os isotope analyses, and data for cosmogenic nuclides in order to examine the history of the Tissint meteorite, from...
Exploration of microbial-meteorite redox interactions highlights the possibility of bioprocessing of extraterrestrial metal resources and reveals specific microbial fingerprints left on extraterrestrial material. In the present study, we provide our observations on a microbial-meteorite nanoscale interface of the metal respiring thermoacidophile Me...
A newly discovered sedimentary accumulation of micrometeorites in the Sor Rondane Mountains of East Antarctica, close to the Wideroefjellet summit at similar to 2750 m above sea level, is characterized in this work. The focus here lies on 2099 melted cosmic spherules larger than 200 mu m, extracted from 3.2 kg of sampled sediment. Although the Wide...
The Zhamanshin impact structure, which is about 1 Myr old, has a diameter of 14 km and is situated in the semi-arid region of Kazakhstan (48°24′N, 60°58′E). It has a heterogeneous suite of target rocks, including predominantly crustal lithologies (e.g., clays and siltstones) with minor ultramafics.
Zhamanshin is known for its unique association of...
The properties of the smallest subunits of cometary dust contain information on their origin and clues to the formation of planetesimals and planets. Compared to IDPs or particles collected during the Stardust mission, dust collected in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Rosetta mission provides a resource of minimally altered m...
Several Snowball Earth periods, in which the Earth has been (almost) totally glaciated, are known from Earth history. Neither the trigger for the initiation, nor the reason for the ending of such phases, are well understood. Here we discuss some mechanical effects of the impact of asteroids 5–10 km in diameter on the Snowball Earth environment. An...
The existence of mass‐independent chromium isotope variability of nucleosynthetic origin in meteorites and their components provides a means to investigate potential genetic relationship between meteorites and planetary bodies. Moreover, chromium abundances are depleted in most surficial terrestrial rocks relative to chondrites such that Cr isotope...
Context. The properties of the smallest subunits of cometary dust contain information on their origin and clues to the formation of planetesimals and planets. Compared to interplanetary dust particles or particles collected during the Stardust mission, dust collected in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) during the Rosetta mission pr...
Single crystal (U-Th)/He dating has been undertaken on 21 detrital zircon grains extracted from a core sample from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1073, which is located ~390 km northeast of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Optical and electron imaging in combination with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) of zircon gra...
Atmospheric airbursts over Russia at Chelyabinsk in 2013 and Tunguska in 1908 provide dramatic examples of hazards posed by near-Earth objects (NEOs). These two events produced 0.5 and 5 Mt of energy, respectively, which dramatically affected surface environments and, in the case of Chelyabinsk, injured humans. Enigmatic natural glasses have been c...
Melting experiments attempting to reproduce some of the processes affecting asteroidal and cometary material during atmospheric entry have been performed in a high enthalpy facility. For the first time with the proposed experimental setup, the resulting material has been recovered, studied, and compared with natural analogues, focusing on the therm...
Meteorite fusion crusts are quenched melt layers formed during meteoroid atmospheric entry, mostly preserved as coating on the meteorite surface. Antarctic ureilite Asuka (A) 09368 and H chondrites A 09004 and A 09502 exhibit well preserved thick fusion crusts, characterized by extensive olivine crystallization. As olivine is one of the major compo...
The volcanic rocks of the Dogu’a Tembien area comprise basaltic rocks and their derivatives: phonolites and trachytes (rocks similar to basalt, but richer in silica and sodium or potassium). Limited outcrops a few hundred metres in thickness, consisting of Trap basalts, unconformably (that is, with a gap in time) overlie the Cretaceous (144 – 65 Ma...