Chris Papageorgiou’s research while affiliated with International Monetary Fund and other places

... 2 Diversification is intimately related to the process of structural transformation, that is, the dynamic shift of resources from less productive to more productive sectors, including knowledge-based industries. This process, which involves both capitalizing on a country's current comparative advantage and building the capabilities required to create new comparative advantages, is essential to economic development (Papageorgiou, Spatafora, and Wang 2015;McIntyre and others 2018). Diversification therefore serves as an essential pillar for fostering sustainable growth and improving living standards, particularly in developing economies (IMF 2014). ...

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Economic Diversification in Developing Countries

... The literature has pointed to several possible causes of public skepticism, including fears of higher tariffs for the general public, job losses, concerns over service quality and poor regulatory controls, perceptions about corruption and lack of transparency, and distrust in the government and private firms, including in regard to fariness in the share of profits (Fay and Morrison, 2007;Andrés et al., 2008). However, while significant progress has been made to understand policy preferences at the individual level toward reforms related to trade (e.g., Rodriguez Chatruc et al., 2021), climate mitigation (e.g., Douenne and Fabre, 2022), taxes (e.g., Stantcheva, 2023), and even labor market regulation (e.g., Duval et al., 2024), 1 Reforms to increase private participation and competition in network sectors frequently involve divesting state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the sector, and are often referred simply as "privatization". However, not all of these reforms include the privatization of SOEs; they may involve lease contracts, concessions, or management contracts. ...

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Private Participation and its Discontents: Insights from Large-Scale Surveys

... Research studies focusing on the effects of Brexit, Donald Trump's election victory in 2016 in the USA, populist episodes in Southern Europe (Italy, Greece) and Central and Eastern Europe (Hungary, Poland) also establish significant medium-term costs. They are visible in terms of lower inward FDI and overall investment, capital flight, stagnating wages, poor growth, rising inflation and weakening of institutions8 (Sampson, 2017; Dhingra et al., 2017; Breinlich et al., 2020; Serwicka and Tamberi, 2018; Broadbent et al., 2023; Breinlich et al., 2022; Born et al., 2019a, 2019b; Fajgelbaum et al., 2020; Magyar, 2016; Brzezinski and Najsztub, 2017; Bloom et al., 2019; Balduzzi et al., 2020). ...

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Uncertainty, populism and foreign direct investment: the state of play in economic research

... Since the COVID-19 pandemic struck, the depth of the downturn and the speed of recovery have been very different across members of the euro area because of a number of factors, such as the length and stringency of lockdown measures dictated by health conditions, differences in the underlying economic structures and the specialization in activities restricted by the pandemic, the trade openness of the country, and the extent and type of policy responses and anti-epidemic strategies [2,[28][29][30][31]. Fedajev et al. [32], applying hierarchical agglomerative clustering, derived five clusters according to their converging behavior and found that differences in GDP growth rates among EU economies were slightly smaller in 2020 than in 2008. ...

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Sustainability of Income Convergence in the European Union: Two Downturns—Two Different Stories

... Adapting production post-shock would require substantial investments, such as retraining the workforce or reinvesting in new technologies, which could undermine the firm's competitive advantage. The uncertainty surrounding the duration and nature of the shock further reinforces inertia, making adaptation less appealing strategically and operationally (Brussevich, Papageorgiou, & Wibaux, 2022;Eschachasthi, 2022). Thus, from an ecological standpoint, exporters are more likely to persist without adaptation, relying on their established strengths to outlast the crisis. ...

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International connectedness, government interventions, and firms’ adaptation to exogneous shocks: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

... This neglect leaves affected parties without recourse for past damages. Most essentially, this is because that retaliation is more driven by perceptions of unfair foreign policies than specific sectoral injuries [12]. Sixthly, When the complainant is carrying out a cross retaliation, it could bring adverse impacts to the irrelevant parties in other sectors or under another covered agreement, while the parties benefiting from the inconsistent measure are left unharmed. ...

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Deficiencies and Improvement Proposals for Retaliation Mechanism in WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding

... In LICs, both AI tools and skilled professionals are scarce compared to HICs (Alonso et al., 2022), contributing to the AI divide between these countries. Existing evidence also shows that current AI applications are focused on HICs, where most AI researchers are located (Vinuesa et al., 2020). ...

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Artificial intelligence for low income countries

... On the other hand, сountries that saw larger growth declines in the wake of the 2008-2009 world financial crisis had more flexible exchange rate regimes [Berg et al. 2011]. One of the likely explanations could be an extensive use of monetary policy under a flexible exchange rate regime [Devereux 2004]. ...

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COMMODITY PRICE VOLATILITY, OUTPUT GROWTH AND EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

... The effects of the two interconnected crises, the financial and banking crisis and the public sector debt crisis, were felt throughout the area for more than seven years. The most obvious indicators were the decline in GDP, rising unemployment rates, salary reductions, business closures, and the public sector's withdrawal from providing certain social services (Marto et al. 2017). One of the four Greek areas most badly affected by the crisis was Western Macedonia, which had the highest unemployment rate in the nation in 2015 (28.5%) and the third-worst percentage among the 270 Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics-second level (NUTS 2) regions in the European Union (EU27). ...

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Role of Governance in Developing Disaster Resiliency and Its Impact on Economic Sustainability

... Mesmo se for possível o aumento da participação de serviços de alta produtividade com uma situação de desindustrialização prematura, não há indicações de que esse tipo de desenvolvimento consiga absorver grandes contingentes de mão de obra. Para mais detalhes, ver Atolia et al. (2018). ...

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Instituições e Desenvolvimento no Brasil: diagnósticos e uma agenda de pesquisas para as políticas públicas