Catherine Wolfram’s research while affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other places

... By doing so, this study informs the next round of NDC announcements and enables decision-makers to make informed decisions about an ambitious and plausible range of 2035 emission reductions and associated tradeoffs under different policy conditions. Second, recent studies that have begun to explore expansions of current measures are based on single models 21,27 . This analysis builds on the above studies by providing additional models and policy scenarios to understand variations in potential policy responses. ...

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A multi-model study to inform the United States’ 2035 NDC

... According to another study, the IRA narrows the gap between projected US emission cuts and those agreed to by 2030 in the Paris Agreement by over 50%. These accelerated emissions cuts will also compound into the future, resulting in 43-48% declines in emissions by 2035 (Bistline et al., 2023). The study by Bistline et al. also estimated a societal climate benefit range of $44-$220B per annum by 2030 by utilizing "central social cost of CO2 values with a 2% near-term discount rate." ...

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Surviving the Red Wave: A Critical Analysis of the Inflation Reduction Act’s Political Durability after the 2024 Election

... A final, but crucial, element are policies that address the global dimensions of climate change, including supportive trade policies, international science and technology cooperation and policies that support investment in low-income economies and help them adjust to climate change. One challenging aspect are carbon border adjustment measures where jurisdictions apply import fees based on the carbon content of imported goods, reflecting the difference in carbon pricing between that jurisdiction and the exporting country (Clausing and Wolfram, 2023). Such measures are intended to address carbon leakage, i.e. emissions increasing in foreign jurisdictions because of stringent domestic climate poli-cies. ...

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Climate Change and Productivity - An Exploration

... The clean and safe environment attract the foreign investors and also provide the confidence of the local portfolio investment (Shah et al., 2023). Clausing and Wolfram (2023) explain the consequence of the effective government policies related to the environmental protection. These authors concluded that the sustainable environment provides motivation to business concern in running the business activities through guiding by the government with the environmental changes. ...

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Carbon omission and financial market sustainability via government effectiveness: a cross-culture comparison of OECD and Asian emerging economies

... We simulate three distinct climate policies. First, in comparison to the social cost of carbon (Bistline et al. 2023), the $10 per ton of CO 2 carbon tax is low, and the government might exogenously decide to increase it to reduce emissions. Yet, policies in the United States introduced under the Biden administration advocate for subsidies to promote a cleaner economy. ...

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Transition Risk: Sources and Policy Responses

... Yet, whether in the context of developed or developing countries, numerous studies have already brought to light challenges pertaining to the allocation and utilization of public procurement. Discernible trends in corruption have been documented across diverse locations and time periods (Hellman et al., 2000;Søreide, 2002;Ferwerda et al., 2017;Decarolis et al., 2020), arising from collusion (Coviello and Gagliarducci, 2017), nepotism (Titl et al., 2021;Kawai and Nakabayashi, 2022), manipulation (Palguta and Pertold, 2017), and ultimately contributing to inefficiency (Dal Bó and Rossi, 2007;Wolfram et al., 2023). This substantial body of evidence suggests that, in the absence of robust regulatory and monitoring mechanisms, public procurement becomes all the more coveted as it enables involved entities to pursue individual agendas, which, on the governmental side, often manifest as political (Kapur and Vaishnav, 2013;Mironov and Zhuravskaya, 2016;Titl and Geys, 2019;Baltrunaite, 2020). ...

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Foreign Aid and Power Play: Political Cycles in World Bank's Procurement Allocation

... Despite the relative recency of the COVID-19 outbreak, there is already a substantial body of literature summarizing the socioeconomic ramifications of the pandemic on households in lowincome countries, including on income (Balana et al., 2020;Stoop et al., 2021), well-being (Bau et al., 2022), food security (Hirvonen et al., 2022;Kansiime et al., 2021;Rudin-Rush et al., 2022), and other welfare outcomes (Furbush et al., 2021;Josephson et al., 2021;Mahmud and Riley, 2021;Favara et al., 2022). A subset of this literature focuses on understanding specific policies or transfer programs associated with the pandemic (Bottan et al., 2021;Gulesci et al., 2021;Berkouwer et al., 2022;Brooks et al., 2022;Dietrich et al., 2022;Gutierrez et al., 2022) or informational transfer (Bahety et al., 2021;Sadish et al., 2021). However, much of this literature remains descriptive in nature and does not investigate changes due to the pandemic, but rather changes occurring during the pandemic. ...

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Coping or Hoping? Livelihood Diversification and Food Insecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic

... Our model accommodates envisioned improvements in the emissions profile of alternative powertrains owing to technological and legislative efforts, most notably, recently proposed Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (CAFE) for light duty vehicles between 2027 and 2032 [25][26][27] . We further consider EVs' potential to operate as substitutes rather than complements 28,29 due to increased range [30][31][32][33] , as well as envisioned reductions in the carbon intensity of the electrical grid that mayowing to legislation like the 2022 Inflation Reduction Actimprove the emissions profile of EVs 34 . ...

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Climate impacts of critical mineral supply chain bottlenecks for electric vehicle deployment

... Regulated electricity tariffs ultimately announce the consumer price (Ari et al., 2022). The regulatory myths have several consequences for how system prices are calculated relative to the ability of demand to follow the electricity price by direct response, often requiring no price-driven modernisation at all of the traditional electricity demand side transactions (Fowlie et al., 2021). A public administration's announcement of the shift price is merely an adjacency to how demand reacts to imbalances in generation and capacity-enabling options. ...

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Dynamics and Drivers of Global Electricity Prices: Market Mechanisms, Policy Impacts, and Future Trends

... The biasing of estimates is also attributed to households engaging in other adaptive behaviors, such as adopting air conditioning units, altering routine activities or buying necessary health insurance to cope with heat extremes Heutel et al. 2021;Liao et al. 2023). On the matter of air conditioning systems, studies have demonstrated that the use of cooling units in response to extreme heat conditions is becoming an increasingly important coping mechanism in developing countries although among high-income earning households Davis et al. 2021;Curiel and Thakur 2022). Where studies have explored adaptation mechanisms, they have focused on the aggregated effects of all channels, and as such have been unable to disentangle the role played by the type and level of coping channels (Su and Chen 2022). ...

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Modeling the Impact of Extreme Climate Events on Household Welfare: An Empirical Framework