Catherine Regina Heil’s research while affiliated with Columbia University and other places

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Publications (2)


Figure 1. Areas of assessed instructional focus in language learning apps.  
Figure 2. Implicit versus explicit instruction in language learning apps.  
Figure 3. Corrective feedback in language learning apps.  
Figure 4. User interaction – listening, reading and writing.  
Figure 5. Exercises contrasting vocabulary in isolation, as in in MindSnacks Spanish (left), versus vocabulary in context, as in DuoLingo (center) and Voxy (right).

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A review of mobile language learning applications: trends, challenges and opportunities
  • Article
  • Full-text available

October 2016

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12,950 Reads

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34 Citations

Catherine Regina Heil

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Mobile language learning applications have the potential to transform the way languages are learned. This study examined the fifty most popular commercially-available language learning applications for mobile phones and evaluated them according to a wide range of criteria. Three major trends were found: first, apps tend to teach vocabulary in isolated units rather than in relevant contexts; second, apps minimally adapt to suit the skill sets of individual learners; and third, apps rarely offer explanatory corrective feedback to learners. Despite a pedagogical shift toward more communicative approaches to language learning, these apps are behaviorist in nature. To better align with Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and L2 pedagogical research, we recommend the incorporation of more contextualized language, adaptive technology, and explanatory feedback in these applications.

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Figure 5. Exercises contrasting vocabulary in isolation, as in in MindSnacks Spanish (left), versus vocabulary in context, as in DuoLingo (center) and Voxy (right).
Figure 6. Performance analyses provided byMondly (left), Memrise (center), and Mindsnacks (right).  
A Review of Mobile Language Learning Applications: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

October 2016

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11,577 Reads

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154 Citations

The EuroCALL Review

Mobile language learning applications have the potential to transform the way languages are learned. This study examined the fifty most popular commercially-available language learning applications for mobile phones and evaluated them according to a wide range of criteria. Three major trends were found: first, apps tend to teach vocabulary in isolated units rather than in relevant contexts; second, apps minimally adapt to suit the skill sets of individual learners; and third, apps rarely offer explanatory corrective feedback to learners. Despite a pedagogical shift toward more communicative approaches to language learning, these apps are behaviorist in nature. To better align with Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and L2 pedagogical research, we recommend the incorporation of more contextualized language, adaptive technology, and explanatory feedback in these applications.

Citations (2)


... Forvo is an online platform that uses crowdsourced pronunciation recordings to help people learn languages. Forvo enables students to hear native speakers pronounce certain words and phrases in a variety of languages, in contrast to traditional dictionaries that frequently simply provide printed phonetic symbols (Heil et al., 2016). This method encourages a more natural and interesting way of learning pronunciation. ...

Reference:

LEARNERS' PERSPECTIVES ON USING THE FORVO WEBSITE AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE SPEAKING SKILLS
A review of mobile language learning applications: trends, challenges and opportunities

... Virtual teachers and conversational AI tools also help simulate real-world language use, thanks to which theoretical knowledge can be transformed into practical use of the learnt language, facilitating native language skills. [4] [5] The key areas where AI-powered applications can enhance the development of language learning can be seen in Figure 1 and are detailed below: ...

A Review of Mobile Language Learning Applications: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

The EuroCALL Review