Catherine Badgley's research while affiliated with University of Michigan and other places
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Publications (87)
The stable carbon-isotope composition of mammalian tooth enamel is a powerful tool for reconstructing paleodiet and paleoenvironment. Its application in the fossil record relies on a thorough understanding of the isotopic composition of mammalian diets in modern ecosystems. We compiled and evaluated a global dataset of the carbon-isotope values of...
The Cenozoic landscape evolution in southwestern North America is ascribed to crustal
isostasy, dynamic topography, or lithosphere tectonics, but their relative contributions remain controversial. Here we reconstruct landscape history since the late Eocene by investigating the interplay between mantle convection, lithosphere dynamics, climate, and...
Tectonic activity can drive speciation and sedimentation, potentially causing the fossil and rock records to share common patterns through time. The Basin and Range of western North America arose through widespread extension and collapse of topographic highlands in the Miocene, creating numerous basins with rich mammalian fossil records. We analyze...
The mammalian family Bovidae has been widely studied in ecomorphological research, with important applications to paleoecological and paleohabitat reconstructions. Most studies of bovid craniomandibular features in relation to diet have used linear measurements. In this study, we conduct landmark-based geometric-morphometric analyses to evaluate wh...
Modern death assemblages provide insights about the early stages of fossilization and useful ecological information about the species inhabiting the ecosystem. We present the results of taphonomic monitoring of modern vertebrate carcasses and bones from Doñana National Park, a Mediterranean coastal ecosystem in Andalusia, Spain. Ten different habit...
The Barstow Formation in the Mojave region of California was deposited in an extensional-basin setting of the Basin and Range province and preserves diverse middle Miocene mammalian assemblages. Six facies associations represent the dominant depositional environments in the basin, which changed through time from alluvial-fan and playa-dominated set...
Temperature and rainfall patterns, as well as their seasonality, determine the evolution of biomes and ecosystems, and so reconstructing these parameters in the geologic past is crucial for paleo-environmental and paleo-ecological studies. Here we combine carbonate stable isotope ( 18 Ocarbonate, 13 Ccarbonate) and clumped isotope temperature (T...
We investigate how oxygen isotopes in equid teeth can be used as a record of seasonality. First, we use in situ laser ablation and conventional microsampling techniques to understand time-averaging of environmental signals in intra-tooth isotope profiles in modern feral horse teeth (n = 5) from Mongolia, where there is a large seasonal gradient in...
Mammalian biodiversity exhibits strong geographic gradients that correspond to variation in the physical environment (habitat, area, climate, and landforms) and reflect biogeographic processes that have unfolded over millennia. Principal among these patterns are the species–area relationship, as well as latitudinal, elevational, and topographic gra...
Mountains are key features of the Earth’s surface and host a substantial proportion of the world’s species. However, the links between the evolution and distribution of biodiversity and the formation of mountains remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate multiple datasets to assess the relationships between species richness in mountains, geology...
The current global food system is inadequate to meet the needs of the current world population without compromising future well-being. For example, current intensified production systems lead to undernutrition in some regions coupled with epidemics of obesity in others while compromising their underlying ecological foundations, such as creating are...
More than half of present‐day continental mammals occur in montane regions. This concentration of diversity in regions of high topographic complexity compared to adjacent lowlands and plains constitutes the topographic diversity gradient, one of the major biogeographic patterns across continents today. Several biogeographic processes have shaped th...
Background
Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity....
Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans feature hotspots of biodiversity that reflect geological influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over geologic time, topographic diversity gradients wax and wane over millions of years, tracking tectonic or climatic history. Topographic diversity gradients from the present day a...
Carnivore-rich fossil sites are uncommon in the fossil record and, accordingly, provide valuable opportunities to study predators from vantages that are rarely applied to ancient faunas. Through stable isotopes of carbon and a Bayesian mixing model, we analyze time-successive (nearly contemporaneous), late Miocene carnivoran populations from two fo...
Continental gateways occur where mountainous topography interacts with changing climate and sea level to open or close dispersal corridors. The interaction of permeable or impermeable montane barriers with changing or stable climate yields four biogeographic states, each associated with changes in diversification rates and ecological structure of f...
Stable carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes have been used to infer aspects of species ecology and environment in both modern ecosystems and the fossil record. Compared to large mammals, stable isotopic studies of small-mammal ecology are limited; however, high species and ecological diversity within small mammals presents several advant...
Description of precipitation patterns and changes in the hydrological cycle during periods of past global change is crucial for providing an understanding of terrestrial climate systems and for predicting impacts of future climate change such as shifting water availability. While a number of proxies and climofunctions exist for reconstructing paleo...
The alternating mountain ranges and desert basins of the Great Basin in the western United States support higher species diversity of mammals than any other region of comparable area in temperate North America. Topographically complex regions have strong environmental gradients and heterogeneous habitats that result in fragmented geographic ranges...
The mammalian fossil record of Spain is long and taxonomically well resolved, offering the
most complete record of faunal change for the Neogene of Europe. We evaluated changes in diversification, composition, trophic structure, and size structure of large mammals over the middle and late Miocene with methods applied to this record for the first ti...
This chapter characterizes the Siwaliks and Neogene evolutionary biology in South Asia, paying special attention to the distribution of fossiliferous terrestrial deposits of late Cenozoic age across the Indian Subcontinent and the development of a chronostratigraphic framework in Pakistan and India. The Siwalik Group is a thick and laterally expans...
This chapter characterizes the Neogene Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau in northern Pakistan. The Siwalik formations of the Indian Subcontinent comprise fluvial sediments of Miocene through Pleistocene age deposited in a series of basins along the southern margin of the collision zone between peninsular India and Asia. The deposits are thick and foss...
In modern ecosystems, regions of topographic heterogeneity, when compared with nearby topographically homogeneous regions, support high species densities of mammals and other groups. This biogeographic pattern could be explained by either greater diversification rates or greater accommodation of species in topographically complex regions. In this c...
The exceptional fossil sites of Cerro de los Batallones (Madrid Basin, Spain) contain abundant remains of Late Miocene mammals. From these fossil assemblages, we have inferred diet, resource partitioning and habitat of three sympatric carnivorous mammals based on stable isotopes. The carnivorans include three apex predators: two sabre-toothed cats...
This study examined the impact of pest-management practices on Hymenopteran parasitoid diversity and assemblage composition in six apple orchards in southeastern Michigan, USA. The orchards comprised a gradient of pest-management intensity from organic to IPM to conventional practices. We used a pesticide toxicity index to quantify monthly and seas...
Mammal faunas from western North America exhibit no significant change in species richness with latitude during the Torrejonian (ca. 63-60 Ma) and Tiffanian (ca. 60-58 Ma) North American Land Mammal Ages, in contrast to a strong richness gradient in modern mammalian faunas of the same region today. The latitudinal gradient in oxygen isotope composi...
Continental biodiversity gradients result not only from ecological processes, but also from evolutionary and geohistorical processes involving biotic turnover in landscape and climatic history over millions of years. Here, we investigate the evolutionary and historical contributions to the gradient of increasing species richness with topographic co...
Hypothesis: Geological events and their timing influence local climate, size and shape of fluvial habitats, isolating barriers, and different rates of speciation and extinction, which interact to create gradients of freshwater fish diversity at regional and continental scales. Organisms: Recent freshwater fishes of North America south to southern M...
I evaluate ecological, evolutionary, and historical influences of tectonics and topography on the regional diversity of terrestrial mammals, focusing on the hypothesis that diversification rates are higher in active versus passive tectonic settings. Ten predictions follow from this hypothesis. 1) The timing of peaks in speciation should be congruen...
Isotopic analyses of mammalian tooth enamel from a well-defined, laterally extensive 150 k.y. interval (9.15–9.30 Ma) reveal an ecological gradient in vegetation on the late Miocene sub-Himalayan alluvial plain. Two contemporaneous river systems deposited the sediments of this interval, with a mountain-sourced system (herein, Blue-gray) to the sout...
Data collected for different ecological studies (both paleoecological
and neoecological) encompass a wide range of spatial, temporal, and
taxonomic scales. Understanding the scales inherent in an ecological research
question is critical to designing a sampling protocol that will yield
data capable of resolving that question, yet these scales are of...
Aim Spatial turnover of species, or beta diversity, varies in relation to geographical distance and environmental conditions, as well as spatial scale. We evaluated the explanatory power of distance, climate and topography on beta diversity of mammalian faunas of North America in relation to latitude.
Location North America north of Mexico.
Methods...
Geohistorical records reveal the long-term impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure. A 5-myr record of mammalian faunas from floodplain ecosystems of South Asia shows substantial change in species richness and ecological structure in relation to vegetation change as documented by stable isotopes of C and O from paleosols. Between 8.5 and 6....
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117107/1/ecy20078871873.pdf
During the past 30 years there has been a steady decrease in funding allocated to agricultural research in both developed and developing countries because of the widespread view that food insecurity is primarily caused by poverty and a lack of purchasing power rather than the inability to produce enough food. However, these views are being challeng...
The principal objections to the proposition that organic agriculture can contribute significantly to the global food supply are low yields and insufficient quantities of organically acceptable fertilizers. We evaluated the universality of both claims. For the first claim, we compared yields of organic versus conventional or low-intensive food produ...
Dental microwear consists of microscopic damage features on the occlusal sur-faces of tooth enamel and reflects physical properties of the diet, as well as enamel structure and post-mortem history of the tooth. Microwear analysis has been used to infer the diets of extinct mammals through comparison of features on fossil teeth with those on teeth o...
Agricultural landscapes are essential for preserving biodiversity, even though agricultural activities are the leading cause of habitat degradation worldwide. About half of the Earth's productive land area is farmed or grazed, whereas only about 6% of the total land area is protected for native species and ecosystems. The ecological services of hea...
The claim that measures of global biodiversity dynamics are meaningless is based upon several methodological problems, including underrepresentation of tropical regions in “global” Phanerozoic data sets, inaccuracies in taxonomic data, non-equivalence of higher taxa among groups of organisms, and uneven sampling intensity across groups, environment...
Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.
The Siwalik formations of northern Pakistan consist of deposits of ancient rivers that existed throughout the early Miocene through the late Pliocene. The formations are highly fossiliferous with a diverse array of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates, which in combination with exceptional lateral exposure and good chronostratigraphic control all...
Aim To evaluate the relationship of climate and physiography to species density and ecological diversity of North American mammals.
Location North America, including Mexico and Central America.
Methods Species density, size structure and trophic structure of mammalian faunas and nine environmental variables were documented for quadrats covering the...
Characteristic plant assemblages of rock outcrops were recorded in Northern Western Chats and Konkan region of Maharashtra. Twenty-one endemic species were restricted in distribution to specific rocky habitats. The vegetation has close phytogeographic affinities with natural herbaceous vegetation on granitic rock outcrops and ferricretes in Africa.
Contributions to this special issue have compared the tectonic settings, fluvial systems, paleoclimates, paleofloras and faunas, vertebrate taphonomy, and mammalian paleoecology and evolution from two long, continental records of Cenozoic ecosystems. In this concluding paper, we summarize highlights of earlier papers to provide an overview of simil...
Species size is correlated with many aspects of life history, ecology, and behavior, which means that size changes within species, lineages, and faunas represent an important component of evolutionary paleoecology. Comparison of Paleogene mammalian faunas from the Bighorn, Clarks Fork, and Crazy Mountains basins of Wyoming and Montana with Neogene...
The early Paleogene continental sequence of northwestern Wyoming and south central Montana (USA) and the Neogene Siwalik sequence of northern Pakistan are exceptionally long, fossiliferous, and well studied in terms of geology, paleontology, mammalian evolution, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology. Each record spans about 15 myr of alluvial depositi...
We compare the taphonomy of vertebrate assemblages from two long continental records—the early Paleogene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and the Neogene Siwalik sequence of northern Pakistan. Both sequences contain a similar array of fluvial facies, and the abundance of these facies differs among formations. We document environments of preservation...
In mammalian assemblages, size distributions reflect conditions of vegetation and climate as well as biotic interactions among mammals. Paleogene (Wyoming/Montana) and Neogene (Siwalik) mammalian faunas depict strikingly different size distributions in the cenograms below (rank v. size of herbivorous and omnivorous species), because evolutionary in...
The Paleogene of Wyoming and Montana and the Neogene Siwaliks of Pakistan contain deposits representing a wide variety of terrestrial environments. Although fossils are preserved in all of these environments, fossil vertebrates are abundant in only certain facies. These principal preservational environments vary within and, particularly, between fo...
The Paleocene to early Eocene sequence of Wyoming-Montana and the Miocene to Pleistocene Siwalik record of Pakistan are exceptionally long, continental sequences, each containing a rich and well documented fossil record, especially of mammals. The two sequences are broadly similar in tectonic setting and sedimentary environment, in duration and fac...
Sediments may acquire magnetic remanence upon deposition and shortly after deposition. Hence, the paleomagnetic record of sedimentary rocks may provide a chronostratigraphic framework for rates and patterns of depositional and post-depositional processes over time scales intermediate between those of modern observation and those of the dated geolog...
A high-resolution record of a palaeomagnetic reversal is documented in Miocene alluvial rocks of Pakistan. We examined lateral variability of lithostratigraphy and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy through the same palaeomagnetic reversal in six correlated sections. Each section contains one or more palaeomagnetic sites with directions between fully reve...
Faunal turnovers in the fossil record are episodes of synchronous appearance and disapperance of species from a community, often resulting in net change in species richness. We studied the biostratigraphic record of faunal turnover involving early Wasatchian (early Eocene) mammals from the Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A. Two faunal turnovers oc...
Peer Reviewed http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62790/1/323471b0.pdf
Magnetostratigraphic data can provide information on rates of sediment accumulation within a single sedimentation system over time spans from 10 4 to 106 yr. The short-term rate of sediment deposition varies with time; the apparent average rate over any longer interval also depends on the relative durations of periods of deposition, stasis (non-dep...
Siwalik rocks of Pakistan are a virtually continuous, continental sedimentary sequence, extending in age from 18 to 1 ma b.p. This paper describes taphonomic features of late Miocene mammalian assemblages from a highly fossiliferous interval about 400 m thick, based on field documentation of sedimentary environments at 42 fossil localities and syst...
The record of paleomagnetic polarity transitions can provide relative time information in the stratigraphic record on scales of hundreds to thousands of years. Transition stratigraphy is here used to determine the relative lock-in times of several components of magnetization in the Siwalik red beds.
Our knowledge of hominoid paleobiology has expanded dramatically in the past 10 years. Many new hominoid fossils have been recovered, principally from middle and late Miocene deposits in Europe and Asia. They are between 17 and 5 million years old. Comparative molecular studies on living hominoids have established a clear pattern of similarities an...
The Siwalik deposits of northern Pakistan are distinctive for their excellent sedimentary record and Neogene mammal faunas that include a family of homonoids, the Ramapithecidae. A 160-m interval was chosen from 3500 m of local section for study of lateral lithofacies variation, microstratigraphy and taphonomy of selected fossil localites. Field da...
Siwalik deposits in the Punjab have yielded a rich collection of
hominoidprimate remains. Together with other recent finds they indicate
the need for some changes in hominoid classification.
"Prepared for the Short Course on Mammals sponsored by the Paleontological Society held at Reno, Nevada, November 4, 1984" Incluye bibliografía
Citations
... An average 13 C enrichment of 14.1 ± 0.5‰ from plant material to tooth enamel (after Cerling and Harris, 1999) is considered the fractionation value of this isotope for extant mammalian herbivores and commonly used in paleodietary reconstructions (Wang and Badgley, 2022). Mammals with a pure C3 diet will have δ 13 C values ranging from − 20.9‰ to − 7.9‰, whereas those with a pure C4 diet will have δ 13 C values of about 0.0‰ (Feranec and MacFadden, 2006). ...
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... Our models cannot reproduce absolute topography since surface processes (e.g., erosion and sedimentation), isostatic adjustment, and mantle flow-related dynamics are not included. All these factors could exert impacts on absolute topography and may lead to lateral variations in elevation (Bahadori et al., 2022;Faccenna & Becker, 2010;Wolf et al., 2022), but they cannot simultaneously explain the more prominent uplift and corresponding more significant shortening of the northern plateau than the central plateau. The far-field compression associated with the Arabia-Eurasia collision should be the dominant factor. ...
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... While more data will help determine the precise timing of these transitions, it is possible that greater summer moisture in the eastern domain prior to Cascades uplift dampened the increase in δ 18 O from the seasonality effect, perhaps failing to reverse the opposing isotopic effect of uplift. In this case, the delayed increase in clay δ 18 O may be attributable to the subsequent extension of the Basin and Range (e.g., Dickinson, 2002;Loughney et al., 2021) which would likely further restrict the supply of winter moisture by increasing orographic blocking of westerly and Arctic air-masses as well as the distance moisture must travel from the Pacific coast. ...
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... The feeding categories include one omnivorous category (omnivore) and six herbivorous categories (frugivore, browser, browsergrazer intermediate, variable grazer, and obligate grazer). Assignment of species into herbivorous categories is based on the relative abundance of fruit, dicots, and monocots in the species' average diet, following criteria from Gagnon and Chew (2000) and Wang et al. (2022). The diets of frugivores and browsers consist of >70% fruit and >70% dicots, respectively. ...
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... Classes can be grouped into (i) vegetated areas (green areas); (ii) sand depression areas (yellow and orange areas) and (iii) flooded areas (blue areas). Visual comparison of the outcomes with different land cover classification maps of the region [48,58,74,75] showed good performances of the unsupervised classification algorithm. The flux tower is located within the green zone (dense biomass area) and measures carbon fluxes from the densely vegetated areas on the west side of the wetlands (see Figure 10). ...
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... Geography plays a critical role in shaping a clade's macroevolutionary history [1][2][3][4][5]. However, in order to understand the distinct contributions of vicariance, dispersal and in situ diversification to biogeographic patterns within a clade, comparative biologists must first infer where the ancestors of the clade occurred [6]. As a result, considerable effort has gone into the development of statistical methods for estimating historical biogeographic ranges using comparative data and time-scaled molecular phylogenies [7][8][9][10][11][12]. ...
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... 1. Environmental control on fossil preservation and accumulation Changes in the depositional environment and landscape induced by tectonic and climatic drivers can not only influence the preservation potential of vertebrate fossils, but their taxonomic composition, as well 148 . For example, an apparent decline in dinosaur diversity prior to the end-Cretaceous extinction 149,150 coincides with the end of the Cretaceous sea level mega cycle characterized by accelerated regression starting from the late Campanian 10 , suggesting a potential causal link 146 . ...
... Isotope fractions are mainly correlated to seasonal variation in water stress (hyd_stress), insolation (sols) and temperature (tsol, tsol_ampl_day). This result is expected as δ 18 O is an indicator of aridity (Longinelli and Selmo, 2003;Blumenthal et al., 2017;Blumenthal, 2019) ...
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... Erosion (e.g. river incision) in uplifted regions may have been enhanced by the intensification of the East Asian monsoon and Indian monsoon in the warming Miocene (Nie et al., 2018), which caused greater heterogeneity in geology, elevation, and soil (Antonelli et al., 2018). The emergence of abundant new ecological niches might have facilitated diversification of the trifoliolate lineage in the HHM. ...
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... Like the solutions to food system challenges themselves, solutionsoriented research must be interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, and above all translational. Vandermeer et al. 119 ing. Rasmussen et al. 33 found a dearth of studies tracking win-wins between ecosystem services other than food and well-being beyond economic metrics, including health. ...
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