Carolina Lopez's research while affiliated with Brown University and other places

... The mixed evidence was found in the case of Colombia (Attanasio et al., 2011). In the case of Cordoba, a more considerable impact was found in the case of men (Alzúa et al., 2016). McKenzie (2017), based on the 12 evaluations of skill training programs in 8 countries, found that the impact of some programs is realized after 12-18 months of completion of the programs. ...

... For Brazil in particular, some studies have previously found positive impacts of TVET on labor market variables ( [Almeida et al., 2014], [Vasconcellos et al., 2010], [Assunção and Gonzaga, 2010], [Oliva, 2014], [Neri, 2010]). The gender heterogeneity we find on labor market outcomes has been pointed out in systematic reviews about technical and vocational education in developing countries [Blattman and Ralston, 2015] and other active labor market policies in general [Bergemann and Van den Berg, 2008, Card et al., 2010, Card et al., 2015, Caliendo and Kunn, 2015 To our knowledge, [Alzúa et al., 2013] describe the only intervention where gender differences point to another direction, documenting that the Argentinian program "entra21" in Córdoba had positive and significant impacts on formal employment and earnings of men approximately 2 years after course completion, but not for women. We find strong evidence of heterogeneous effects in other dimensions, especially on non-cognitive skills, which have received less attention by the literature on TVET programs. ...

... Mayombe and Lombard (2015) found that among the Nonformal Adult Education and Training in South Africa, centers engaging in activities promoting self-employment created the environment for skills acquisition for future employment. In Argentina, Alzua et al. (2016) observed 8% gains in employment and 40% gains in income from vocational training. Attanasio et al. (2011) found that women in a Colombian vocational skills training program earned 19.6% more and had a 6.8% higher probability of employment. ...

... At the outset of our study in 2014, close to 1 billion people defecated in the open globally, with 60% of these located in India (WHO/UNICEF, 2014). High rates of open defecation worsen health (Augsburg and Rodriguez-Lesmes, 2018;Dickinson et al., 2015;Kumar and Vollmer, 2013;Pickering et al., 2015;Spears, 2020) and increase psycho-social stress (Sahoo et al., 2015), leading to worse human capital outcomes (Spears and Lamba, 2015) and constrained economic growth (WSP, 2011). 2 Other studies have analyzed the role of other features of microcredit, establishing that design changes, even small ones, matter. For instance, liability structure (Attanasio et al., 2019), loan tenure and interest rates (Karlan and Zinman, 2008) have been found to affect demand for microcredit; while altering repayment schedules (Field and Pande, 2008) and introducing grace periods (Field et al., 2013) have been shown to affect its use. ...