Carol F. Surprenant’s research while affiliated with New York University and other places

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Publications (4)


Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter
  • Article
  • Full-text available

April 1987

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1,089 Reads

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673 Citations

Journal of Marketing

Carol F. Surprenant

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Service marketers are confronted with two conflicting goals when designing service delivery systems, efficiency and personalization. The relative importance of each factor is determined by the nature of the specific service to be rendered, and by participants’ expectations about degree of personalization. A study was conducted to test two assertions: (1) service personalization is a multidimensional construct and (2) all forms of personalization do not necessarily result in greater consumer satisfaction with the service offering. Three types of personalization strategies were proposed and operationalized in a simulated banking setting. Evaluations of service encounters that differed in the degree and type of personalization employed indicate that personalization is not a unitary phenomenon and must be approached carefully in the context of service design.

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Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter

April 1987

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191 Reads

·

823 Citations

Journal of Marketing

Service marketers are confronted with two conflicting goals when designing service delivery systems, efficiency and personalization. The relative importance of each factor is determined by the nature of the specific service to be rendered, and by participants' expectations about degree of personalization. A study was conducted to test two assertions: (1) service personalization is a multidimensional construct and (2) all forms of personalization do not necessarily result in greater consumer satisfaction with the service offering. Three types of personalization strategies were proposed and operationalized in a simulated banking setting. Evaluations of service encounters that differed in the degree and type of personalization employed indicate that personalization is not a unitary phenomenon and must be approached carefully in the context of service design.


TABLE 1 An Artificial Intelligence Approach to the Structure of a Dentist Scripta
A Role Theory Perspective on Dyadic Interactions: The Service Encounter

December 1985

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1,435 Reads

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1,241 Citations

Journal of Marketing

This article proposes that the dyadic interaction between a service provider and a customer is an important determinant of the customer's global satisfaction with the service. Based on role theory, a theoretical framework is presented which abstracts some of the critical components of service encounters across industries.


A Role Theory Perspective on Dyadic Interactions: The Service Encounter

January 1985

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4,199 Reads

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1,399 Citations

Journal of Marketing

This article proposes that the dyadic interaction between a service provider and a customer is an important determinant of the customer's global satisfaction with the service. Based on role theory, a theoretical framework is presented which abstracts some of the critical components of service encounters across industries.

Citations (4)


... Personalization can take the form of subtle gestures, where the employee adapts their verbal and nonverbal behavior to service interactions. This may include smiling, addressing customers by first name, engaging in small talk, offering warmth and personal attention, or remembering a guest's preferences-such as their favorite dish or room (Goodwin 1996;Surprenant and Solomon 1987;Mittal and Lassar 1996). Additionally, personalization can involve offering tailored product or service options, like customized menu or room features or even "choose-youringredient" dining experiences (Surprenant and Solomon 1987). ...

Reference:

Is High‐Touch Enough? Personalization‐Supporting Technology in Hotel Service: A Data‐Driven Approach
Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter

Journal of Marketing

... Beyond the field of ethics, several studies drew on theories from psychology (such as theory of planned behavior [103], theory of mind [104], and role theory [105]), which highlight customers' cognitive processes, social categories, or behavioral decisions that influence customer-robot interactions. Other studies relied on communication theories (e.g., media equation theory [106]), which examine how people respond to communication media and suggest that humans treat robots as real social actors. ...

A Role Theory Perspective on Dyadic Interactions: The Service Encounter

Journal of Marketing

... Identifying and delivering the quality service has become the key differentiator for the service provider seeking to excel and thrive in the highly competitive market (Zeithaml et. al., 1988;Zeithaml, 1988;Lovelock, 1983;Surprenant and Solomon, 1987;. Service quality is a multifaceted concept which can be studied from different perspective. ...

Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter
  • Citing Article
  • April 1987

Journal of Marketing

... Customers apply social norms to interactions, including those with embodied conversational agents, and form expectations about role-congruent appearance and behavior (Blaurock et al., 2022;Solomon et al., 1985), such as whether an embodied conversational agent "looks" and "acts" like a partner or servant. We thus anticipate an optimal design for each embodied conversational agent role, such that customers' proxy efficacy beliefs and subsequent outcome expectancy are highest when the intended role is congruent with the embodied conversational agent's appearance (human vs. robotic) and conversation style (emotional vs. functional). ...

A Role Theory Perspective on Dyadic Interactions: The Service Encounter

Journal of Marketing