Carlos Salavera Bordás’s research while affiliated with University of Zaragoza and other places

Una cuestión a resolver es si son más felices aquellas personas que hacen un buen uso del humor. En la presente investigación se evaluó el uso del humor y la felicidad en estudiantes universitarios (N=721), analizando estas dos variables y la relación entre ambos constructos. Los resultados del estudio mostraron cómo los universitarios son moderadamente felices y los estilos de humor que utilizan son: afiliativo, de automejora, agresivo y autodestructivo, en este orden. En cuanto a la relación entre ambos constructos, se encontró correlaciones entre felicidad y los estilos positivos del humor (afiliativo y automejora), sin embargo, no correlacionó con los estilos agresivo y autodestructivo (usos negativos del humor). Otros resultados fueron que los hombres utilizan más el humor, tanto en sus estilos positivos como en los negativos; y que los estilos de humor positivos y negativos funcionan de manera independiente entre ellos. De los datos de nuestro estudio se pueden extraer dos conclusiones: 1) se muestra un perfil de universitarios moderadamente felices, que hace un mayor uso de los estilos de humor positivos; y 2) los resultados mostraron la relación entre la felicidad y un uso del humor positivo.

During school years, emotional skills play a relevant role in the way students face challenges and academic demands, especially in such a key stage for life as adolescence, during which adult personality is configured. During this stage, students undergo different emotional and motivational stages related to learning, which play a crucial role in their personal and academic development. This study aims to analyse the relationship between empathy, self-esteem and satisfaction with life in an ex post facto descriptive design. The study comprised a sample of 1117 adolescent students, both male (N=603; 53.98%) and female (N=514; 46.01%) with ages ranging from 12 to 18 years (M=14.40; DT=1.59). The instruments used were the Basic Empathy Scale (BES), Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The results revealed significant correlations between the empathy, self-esteem and satisfaction with life variables, and significant differences between genders. In addition, self-esteem was found to play a mediating role between empathy and satisfaction with life. It is concluded that self-esteem plays a crucial role in adolescent students, and the importance of encouraging adaptative behaviours in the school environment for the adequate personal development of adolescents is emphasised.

Background During their school years, adolescents undergo emotional and motivational experiences that can play a key role in their personal and academic development. This study aims to analyse the relationship between self-esteem, resilience and satisfaction with life. Methods The study comprised 1592 students. The instruments used were Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale (RSE), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Descriptive statistics, correlations between the variables investigated and investigated and mediation analysis was calculated by SPSS v26.0ʹs MACRO. Results The results of this study revealed 1) significant correlations between self-esteem, resilience and satisfaction with life. In addition, 2) it was found that self-esteem plays a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life in adolescents. For all the operations, a p≤0.05 level of significance was adopted, with a 95% confidence level. Conclusion The self-esteem of the students is decisive in the relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life in adolescents. These results emphasise the importance of promoting self-esteem, as mediating variable between the other two constructs, leading to the adequate personal and academic development of students.

La inteligencia emocional (IE) ha sido ampliamente estudiada en las últimas décadas. Desde los primeros trabajos hasta nuestros días, son muchas y variadas las aportaciones que se han realizado por parte de la comunidad científica sobre este constructo. Pero también hay que señalar que las investigaciones sobre la relación de la IE con variables como la agresividad y la satisfacción con la familia en jóvenes no son tan frecuentes. Los adolescentes en su devenir hacia la edad adulta se enfrentan a toda una serie de dificultades. La agresividad constituye una de ellas. La violencia entre los mas jóvenes ha ido aumentando sistemáticamente en las aulas y fuera de ellas. En este sentido, la familia como agente socializador básico y la Inteligencia Emocional como habilidad fundamental para el autocontrol del sujeto parecen necesarias. Se realizó un estudio en dos centros educativos de Secundaria para comprobar la relación de la satisfacción con la familia con la agresividad y con la IE. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto dicha relación. La satisfacción con la familia es fundamental para un mejor control de la ira y un buen uso de las habilidades emocionales.

Some students many not possess the necessary strategies and skills to meet the demands of academic life and develop negative attitudes, physical and mental exhaustion, and other attitudes that will undermine their personal and academic development. This study analyses the relationship and possible role of goal orientation as a mediator between engagement and academic self-concept. Methods: The study concerned a population of 1756 subjects from 12 secondary schools (ESO). The instruments used included the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale—Student (UWES-S), the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), and the Academic Self-Concept Scale (ASCS). Results: The results revealed significant correlations between academic engagement, task-oriented goal orientation, and academic self-concept. In addition, task orientation was found to play a positive mediating role between academic engagement and academic self-concept, leading to adaptive models in secondary school students. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to promote goal orientation in order to stimulate self-determined behaviours in the school environment and improved levels of academic self-concept, which in turn will facilitate the psychological and personal development of the student and increase the chances of academic success.

During schooling, students can undergo, for more or less long periods of time, different contextual settings that can negatively affect their personal and academic development, leading them not to meet their academic goals. The main objective of this research responds to examine the relationships between the constructs of goal orientations, emotional intelligence, and burnout in students. Method: This research comprised 2896 students from 15 Spanish high schools with ages between 12 and 18 years distributed across male (N = 1614; 55.73%) and female (N = 1282; 44.26%) genders. The measurements were made through Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). Results: Results showed links between task orientation, high emotional intelligence levels, and adaptive behaviors and between ego orientation, academic burnout and less adaptive behavior. Similarly, it was shown that emotional intelligence can be used to predict goal-oriented behaviors. Conclusion: It is argued that the promotion of task orientation among secondary school students can lead to the adoption of adaptive behaviors and this, in turn, improve the development of students toward academic and personal settings.

Subjective wellbeing is a current issue today. Various variables affect subjective wellbeing during adolescence: a crucial stage in the life of the individual. This study focuses on analysing the relationship between academic goal orientation, optimism and life satisfaction in adolescent students, as well as the possible mediating role of the goal orientation (task and ego) in the relationship between optimism and life satisfaction in adolescents. Methods: The sample comprises 1602 students (male N = 871; 54.36% and female N = 731; 45.63%) from nine secondary schools. The instruments used were the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. Results: The results of the study reveal significant correlations between optimism-related variables, goal orientation and life satisfaction. In addition, goal orientation was found to have a positive mediating role on optimism and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of promoting adaptive behaviours in goal orientation in adolescents, leading to optimal levels on variables such as optimism and life satisfaction, which in turn improve the individual’s psychological development and academic performance.

During their school years, students can have different experiences and go through various emotional and motivational states that can affect their learning experience and play a key role in their personal and academic development. The goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between goal orientation, burnout and academic performance. Material and methods: The study comprised a sample of 2652 students aged between 12 and 19 years (M = 14.55; DT = 1.70), both male (n = 1.368; 51.58%) and female (N = 1.284; 48.41%), from 14 secondary schools. The instruments used were the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and academic performance, which was measured using the students' average school marks. Results: Results indicate a significant relationship between task orientation (and, to a lesser extent, ego orientation), efficacy and academic performance in line with adaptive behaviours. In addition, it was demonstrated that task orientation, efficacy and cynicism (burnout) can be used to predict academic performance in adolescents. Conclusion: It is argued that goal orientation plays a key role in promoting adaptive behaviours in an academic context and in the personal and academic development of adolescent students.

Teaching is a demanding occupation, physically, mentally, and emotionally, that, depending on personal characteristics, can have a negative impact on health and personal wellbeing, which can affect the way professors work and teach in schools. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between burnout, engagement, and goal orientation in a sample of teachers from different educational stages. The sample comprised 576 teachers from different schools, both male (N = 244; 42.36%) and female (N = 332; 57.63%) aged between 21 and 65 years (M = 38.55; DT = 12.15). The instruments used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS), the Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). The results revealed that task orientation presents a significant correlation with engagement and self-efficacy, and negative correlation with burnout, in line with adaptive behaviors, and that ego orientation is correlated with engagement and commitment. It is concluded that both forms of goal orientation have a positive effect on teacher commitment and that they help to prevent burnout syndrome and also that self-efficacy plays a role in determining goal orientation in teachers in their work assignments.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional, el burnout académico y el rendimiento escolar en una muestra de 1756 estudiantes adolescentes pertenecientes a nueve centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones españolas del Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory Student-Survey (MBI-SS); y el rendimiento escolar se cuantificó a través de la nota media de cada alumno. Se realizó un estudio ex post-facto de carácter prospectivo con un diseño descriptivo simple. Los resultados mostraron relaciones positivas del rendimiento escolar con las dimensiones de comprensión y regulación emocional, así como con la eficacia académica; y relación negativa con el agotamiento físico/emocional y cinismo. Los resultados resaltan la influencia de los recursos personales asociados a la inteligencia emocional en la prevención de la aparición del burnout, así como en la mejora de la eficacia personal que pueda conducir a un mayor rendimiento. Se desprende la necesidad de promover las habilidades emocionales en el aula como facilitadoras de las actitudes positivas hacia el desempeño escolar y la prevención del burnout académico.